up 2.0.2

Refactor FAB state handling in MainActivity
Bug fix
2026-01-16 17:40:34 +08:00 · 2026-01-16 17:40:09 +08:00 · 2026-01-16 16:36:01 +08:00 · 2026-01-16 16:28:35 +08:00 · 2026-01-16 15:21:19 +08:00 · 2026-01-16 15:07:10 +08:00
211 changed files with 8537 additions and 5115 deletions
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
    - name: Checkout code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v5
      with:
        submodules: 'recursive'
        fetch-depth: '0'
@@ -31,33 +31,33 @@ jobs:
    - name: Install NDK
      run: |
        echo "y" | $ANDROID_HOME/cmdline-tools/latest/bin/sdkmanager \
-          --channel=3 \
-          --install "ndk;29.0.13113456"
-        echo "NDK_HOME=$ANDROID_HOME/ndk/29.0.13113456" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          --channel=0 \
+          --install "ndk;28.2.13676358"
+        echo "NDK_HOME=$ANDROID_HOME/ndk/28.2.13676358" >> $GITHUB_ENV
        sed -i '10i\
        \
-            ndkVersion = "29.0.13113456"' ${{ github.workspace }}/V2rayNG/app/build.gradle.kts
+            ndkVersion = "28.2.13676358"' ${{ github.workspace }}/V2rayNG/app/build.gradle.kts

-    - name: Restore cached libtun2socks
-      id: cache-libtun2socks-restore
+    - name: Restore cached libhevtun
+      id: cache-libhevtun-restore
      uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
      with:
        path: ${{ github.workspace }}/libs
-        key: libtun2socks-${{ runner.os }}-${{ env.NDK_HOME }}-${{ hashFiles('.git/modules/badvpn/HEAD') }}-${{ hashFiles('.git/modules/libancillary/HEAD') }}
+        key: libhevtun-${{ runner.os }}-${{ env.NDK_HOME }}-${{ hashFiles('.git/modules/hev-socks5-tunnel/HEAD') }}-${{ hashFiles('compile-hevtun.sh') }}

-    - name: Build libtun2socks
-      if: steps.cache-libtun2socks-restore.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+    - name: Build libhevtun
+      if: steps.cache-libhevtun-restore.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
      run: |
-        bash compile-tun2socks.sh
-
-    - name: Save libtun2socks
-      if: steps.cache-libtun2socks-restore.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        bash compile-hevtun.sh
+    
+    - name: Save libhevtun
+      if: steps.cache-libhevtun-restore.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
      uses: actions/cache/save@v4
      with:
        path: ${{ github.workspace }}/libs
-        key: libtun2socks-${{ runner.os }}-${{ env.NDK_HOME }}-${{ hashFiles('.git/modules/badvpn/HEAD') }}-${{ hashFiles('.git/modules/libancillary/HEAD') }}
+        key: libhevtun-${{ runner.os }}-${{ env.NDK_HOME }}-${{ hashFiles('.git/modules/hev-socks5-tunnel/HEAD') }}-${{ hashFiles('compile-hevtun.sh') }}

-    - name: Copy libtun2socks
+    - name: Copy libhevtun
      run: |
        cp -r ${{ github.workspace }}/libs ${{ github.workspace }}/V2rayNG/app

@@ -77,36 +77,6 @@ jobs:
        fileName: 'libv2ray.aar'
        out-file-path: V2rayNG/app/libs/

-    - name: Restore cached libhysteria2
-      id: cache-libhysteria2-restore
-      uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
-      with:
-        path: ${{ github.workspace }}/hysteria/libs
-        key: libhysteria2-${{ runner.os }}-${{ env.NDK_HOME }}-${{ hashFiles('.git/modules/hysteria/HEAD') }}-${{ hashFiles('libhysteria2.sh') }}
-
-    - name: Setup Golang
-      if: steps.cache-libhysteria2-restore.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v5.4.0
-      with:
-        go-version-file: 'AndroidLibXrayLite/go.mod'
-        cache: false
-
-    - name: Build libhysteria2
-      if: steps.cache-libhysteria2-restore.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-      run: |
-        bash libhysteria2.sh
-
-    - name: Save libhysteria2
-      if: steps.cache-libhysteria2-restore.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-      uses: actions/cache/save@v4
-      with:
-        path: ${{ github.workspace }}/hysteria/libs
-        key: libhysteria2-${{ runner.os }}-${{ env.NDK_HOME }}-${{ hashFiles('.git/modules/hysteria/HEAD') }}-${{ hashFiles('libhysteria2.sh') }}
-
-    - name: Copy libhysteria2
-      run: |
-        cp -r ${{ github.workspace }}/hysteria/libs ${{ github.workspace }}/V2rayNG/app
-
    - name: Setup Java
      uses: actions/setup-java@v4.7.0
      with:
@@ -153,7 +123,7 @@ jobs:
      uses: svenstaro/upload-release-action@v2
      if: github.event.inputs.release_tag != ''
      with:
-        file: ${{ github.workspace }}/V2rayNG/app/build/outputs/apk/*playstore*/release/*.apk
+        file: ${{ github.workspace }}/V2rayNG/app/build/outputs/apk/*/release/*.apk
        tag: ${{ github.event.inputs.release_tag }}
        file_glob: true
        prerelease: true
@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Validate Fastlane Supply Metadata
-        uses: ashutoshgngwr/validate-fastlane-supply-metadata@v2.0.0
+        uses: ashutoshgngwr/validate-fastlane-supply-metadata@v2.1.0
@@ -1,6 +1,66 @@
+# Ignore data and key store files
 *.dat
 *.jks
+
+# Ignore output JSON file
 V2rayNG/app/release/output.json
+
+# Ignore IDE and build system directories
 .idea/
 .gradle/
+*.iml
+
+# Ignore local properties and DS_Store files
+/local.properties
+.DS_Store
+
+# Ignore build directories and captures
+/build
+/captures
+V2rayNG/app/build
+V2rayNG/build
+V2rayNG/local.properties
+
+# Ignore APK and AAR files
+*.apk
+*.aar
+
+# Ignore signing properties
+signing.properties
+
+# Ignore shared object files
 *.so
+
+# Ignore Google services JSON
+V2rayNG/app/google-services.json
+
+# Additional common Android/Java ignores
+*.log
+*.tmp
+*.bak
+*.swp
+*.orig
+*.class
+*.jar
+*.war
+*.ear
+
+# Ignore executable files
+*.exe
+*.dll
+*.obj
+*.o
+*.pyc
+*.pyo
+
+# Ignore files from other IDEs
+.vscode/
+.classpath
+.project
+.settings/
+*.sublime-workspace
+*.sublime-project
+
+# Ignore OS-specific files
+Thumbs.db
+.DS_Store
@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
-[submodule "hysteria"]
-	path = hysteria
-	url = https://github.com/apernet/hysteria
 [submodule "AndroidLibXrayLite"]
 	path = AndroidLibXrayLite
 	url = https://github.com/2dust/AndroidLibXrayLite
-[submodule "badvpn"]
-	path = badvpn
-	url = https://github.com/XTLS/badvpn
-[submodule "libancillary"]
-	path = libancillary
-	url = https://github.com/shadowsocks/libancillary
+[submodule "hev-socks5-tunnel"]
+	path = hev-socks5-tunnel
+	url = https://github.com/heiher/hev-socks5-tunnel
@@ -2,17 +2,13 @@

 A V2Ray client for Android, support [Xray core](https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core) and [v2fly core](https://github.com/v2fly/v2ray-core)

-[![API](https://img.shields.io/badge/API-21%2B-yellow.svg?style=flat)](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/lollipop)
-[![Kotlin Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/Kotlin-2.1.20-blue.svg)](https://kotlinlang.org)
+[![API](https://img.shields.io/badge/API-24%2B-yellow.svg?style=flat)](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/lollipop)
+[![Kotlin Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/Kotlin-2.3.0-blue.svg)](https://kotlinlang.org)
 [![GitHub commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/m/2dust/v2rayNG)](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayNG/commits/master)
 [![CodeFactor](https://www.codefactor.io/repository/github/2dust/v2rayng/badge)](https://www.codefactor.io/repository/github/2dust/v2rayng)
 [![GitHub Releases](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/2dust/v2rayNG/latest/total?logo=github)](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayNG/releases)
 [![Chat on Telegram](https://img.shields.io/badge/Chat%20on-Telegram-brightgreen.svg)](https://t.me/v2rayn)

-<a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.v2ray.ang">
-<img alt="Get it on Google Play" src="https://play.google.com/intl/en_us/badges/images/generic/en_badge_web_generic.png" width="165" height="64" />
-</a>
-
 ### Telegram Channel
 [github_2dust](https://t.me/github_2dust)

@@ -21,7 +17,7 @@ A V2Ray client for Android, support [Xray core](https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-cor
 #### Geoip and Geosite
 - geoip.dat and geosite.dat files are in `Android/data/com.v2ray.ang/files/assets` (path may differ on some Android device)
 - download feature will get enhanced version in this [repo](https://github.com/Loyalsoldier/v2ray-rules-dat) (Note it need a working proxy)
- latest official [domain list](https://github.com/v2fly/domain-list-community) and [ip list](https://github.com/v2fly/geoip) can be imported manually
+- latest official [domain list](https://github.com/Loyalsoldier/v2ray-rules-dat) and [ip list](https://github.com/Loyalsoldier/geoip) can be imported manually
 - possible to use third party dat file in the same folder, like [h2y](https://guide.v2fly.org/routing/sitedata.html#%E5%A4%96%E7%BD%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6)

 ### More in our [wiki](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayNG/wiki)
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-*.iml
-.gradle
-/local.properties
-/.idea
-.DS_Store
-/build
-/captures
-*.apk
-signing.properties
-*.aar
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-/build
-/google-services.json
@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ plugins {

 android {
    namespace = "com.v2ray.ang"
-    compileSdk = 35
+    compileSdk = 36

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId = "com.v2ray.ang"
-        minSdk = 21
-        targetSdk = 35
-        versionCode = 641
-        versionName = "1.9.41"
+        minSdk = 24
+        targetSdk = 36
+        versionCode = 702
+        versionName = "2.0.2"
        multiDexEnabled = true

        val abiFilterList = (properties["ABI_FILTERS"] as? String)?.split(';')
@@ -67,14 +67,16 @@ android {
        }
    }

-
    compileOptions {
        isCoreLibraryDesugaringEnabled = true
        sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
        targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
    }
-    kotlinOptions {
-        jvmTarget = JavaVersion.VERSION_17.toString()
+
+    kotlin {
+        compilerOptions {
+            jvmTarget.set(org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl.JvmTarget.JVM_17)
+        }
    }

    applicationVariants.all {
@@ -82,8 +84,9 @@ android {
        val isFdroid = variant.productFlavors.any { it.name == "fdroid" }
        if (isFdroid) {
            val versionCodes =
-                mapOf("armeabi-v7a" to 2, "arm64-v8a" to 1, "x86" to 4, "x86_64" to 3, "universal" to 0
-            )
+                mapOf(
+                    "armeabi-v7a" to 2, "arm64-v8a" to 1, "x86" to 4, "x86_64" to 3, "universal" to 0
+                )

            variant.outputs
                .map { it as com.android.build.gradle.internal.api.ApkVariantOutputImpl }
@@ -145,16 +148,19 @@ dependencies {
    implementation(libs.preference.ktx)
    implementation(libs.recyclerview)
    implementation(libs.androidx.swiperefreshlayout)
+    implementation(libs.androidx.viewpager2)
+    implementation(libs.androidx.fragment)

    // UI Libraries
    implementation(libs.material)
-    implementation(libs.toastcompat)
+    implementation(libs.toasty)
    implementation(libs.editorkit)
    implementation(libs.flexbox)

    // Data and Storage Libraries
    implementation(libs.mmkv.static)
    implementation(libs.gson)
+    implementation(libs.okhttp)

    // Reactive and Utility Libraries
    implementation(libs.kotlinx.coroutines.android)
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<resources>
+    <string name="app_name" translatable="false">v2rayNG (F-Droid)</string>
+</resources>
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<shortcuts xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
+    <shortcut
+        android:enabled="true"
+        android:icon="@drawable/ic_qu_switch_24dp"
+        android:shortcutDisabledMessage="@string/app_widget_name"
+        android:shortcutId="shortcuts_switch"
+        android:shortcutLongLabel="@string/app_widget_name"
+        android:shortcutShortLabel="@string/app_widget_name">
+
+        <!--suppress AndroidDomInspection -->
+        <intent
+            android:action="android.intent.action.VIEW"
+            android:targetClass="com.v2ray.ang.ui.ScSwitchActivity"
+            android:targetPackage="com.v2ray.ang.fdroid" />
+        <categories android:name="android.shortcut.conversation" />
+    </shortcut>
+    <shortcut
+        android:enabled="true"
+        android:icon="@drawable/ic_qu_scan_24dp"
+        android:shortcutDisabledMessage="@string/menu_item_import_config_qrcode"
+        android:shortcutId="shortcuts_scan"
+        android:shortcutLongLabel="@string/menu_item_import_config_qrcode"
+        android:shortcutShortLabel="@string/menu_item_import_config_qrcode">
+
+        <!--suppress AndroidDomInspection -->
+        <intent
+            android:action="android.intent.action.VIEW"
+            android:targetClass="com.v2ray.ang.ui.ScScannerActivity"
+            android:targetPackage="com.v2ray.ang.fdroid" />
+        <categories android:name="android.shortcut.conversation" />
+    </shortcut>
+</shortcuts>
@@ -10,10 +10,6 @@
        android:smallScreens="true"
        android:xlargeScreens="true" />

-    <uses-sdk
-        android:minSdkVersion="21"
-        tools:overrideLibrary="com.blacksquircle.ui.editorkit" />
-
    <uses-feature
        android:name="android.hardware.camera"
        android:required="false" />
@@ -30,12 +26,11 @@
    <!-- https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11/privacy/package-visibility -->
    <uses-permission
        android:name="android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES"
-        tools:ignore="QueryAllPackagesPermission" />
+        tools:ignore="PackageVisibilityPolicy,QueryAllPackagesPermission" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
-    <!-- <useapplications-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" /> -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />
    <uses-permission
@@ -52,17 +47,15 @@
        android:banner="@mipmap/ic_banner"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
-        android:supportsRtl="true"
-        android:theme="@style/AppThemeDayNight"
-        android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
        android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"
-        tools:targetApi="m">
+        android:supportsRtl="true"
+        android:theme="@style/AppThemeDayNight.NoActionBar"
+        android:usesCleartextTraffic="true">

        <activity
            android:name=".ui.MainActivity"
            android:exported="true"
-            android:launchMode="singleTask"
-            android:theme="@style/AppThemeDayNight.NoActionBar">
+            android:launchMode="singleTask">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

@@ -85,6 +78,10 @@
            android:name=".ui.ServerCustomConfigActivity"
            android:exported="false"
            android:windowSoftInputMode="stateUnchanged" />
+        <activity
+            android:name=".ui.ServerGroupActivity"
+            android:exported="false"
+            android:windowSoftInputMode="stateUnchanged" />
        <activity
            android:name=".ui.SettingsActivity"
            android:exported="false" />
@@ -124,7 +121,7 @@
            android:excludeFromRecents="true"
            android:exported="false"
            android:process=":RunSoLibV2RayDaemon"
-            android:theme="@style/AppTheme.NoActionBar.Translucent" />
+            android:theme="@style/AppThemeDayNight.NoActionBar.Translucent" />

        <activity
            android:name=".ui.UrlSchemeActivity"
@@ -145,6 +142,12 @@
                <data android:host="install-sub" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
+        <activity
+            android:name=".ui.CheckUpdateActivity"
+            android:exported="false" />
+        <activity
+            android:name=".ui.BackupActivity"
+            android:exported="false" />
        <activity
            android:name=".ui.AboutActivity"
            android:exported="false" />
@@ -156,7 +159,8 @@
            android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse"
            android:label="@string/app_name"
            android:permission="android.permission.BIND_VPN_SERVICE"
-            android:process=":RunSoLibV2RayDaemon">
+            android:process=":RunSoLibV2RayDaemon"
+            tools:ignore="VpnServicePolicy">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.net.VpnService" />
            </intent-filter>
@@ -193,8 +197,8 @@
                android:resource="@xml/app_widget_provider" />
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_UPDATE" />
-                <action android:name="com.v2ray.ang.action.widget.click" />
-                <action android:name="com.v2ray.ang.action.activity" />
+                <action android:name="${applicationId}.action.widget.click" />
+                <action android:name="${applicationId}.action.activity" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
        <receiver
@@ -6,14 +6,6 @@
      "bittorrent"
    ]
  },
-  {
-    "remarks": "Google cn",
-    "outboundTag": "proxy",
-    "domain": [
-      "domain:googleapis.cn",
-      "domain:gstatic.com"
-    ]
-  },
  {
    "remarks": "阻断udp443",
    "outboundTag": "block",
@@ -21,10 +13,10 @@
    "network": "udp"
  },
  {
-    "remarks": "阻断广告",
-    "outboundTag": "block",
+    "remarks": "代理Google",
+    "outboundTag": "proxy",
    "domain": [
-      "geosite:category-ads-all"
+      "geosite:google"
    ]
  },
  {
@@ -146,4 +138,4 @@
    "port": "0-65535",
    "outboundTag": "direct"
  }
-]
+]
@@ -5,13 +5,6 @@
    "port": "443",
    "network": "udp"
  },
-  {
-    "remarks": "阻断广告",
-    "outboundTag": "block",
-    "domain": [
-      "geosite:category-ads-all"
-    ]
-  },
  {
    "remarks": "绕过局域网IP",
    "outboundTag": "direct",
@@ -1,12 +1,4 @@
 [
-  {
-    "remarks": "Google cn",
-    "outboundTag": "proxy",
-    "domain": [
-      "domain:googleapis.cn",
-      "domain:gstatic.com"
-    ]
-  },
  {
    "remarks": "阻断udp443",
    "outboundTag": "block",
@@ -14,10 +6,10 @@
    "network": "udp"
  },
  {
-    "remarks": "阻断广告",
-    "outboundTag": "block",
+    "remarks": "代理Google",
+    "outboundTag": "proxy",
    "domain": [
-      "geosite:category-ads-all"
+      "geosite:google"
    ]
  },
  {
@@ -100,4 +92,4 @@
      "geosite:cn"
    ]
  }
-]
+]
@@ -5,13 +5,6 @@
    "port": "443",
    "network": "udp"
  },
-  {
-    "remarks": "Block ads and trackers",
-    "outboundTag": "block",
-    "domain": [
-      "geosite:category-ads-all"
-    ]
-  },
  {
    "remarks": "Direct LAN IP",
    "outboundTag": "direct",
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+[
+  {
+    "remarks": "Bypass bittorrent",
+    "outboundTag": "direct",
+    "protocol": [
+      "bittorrent"
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "remarks": "Block udp443",
+    "outboundTag": "block",
+    "port": "443",
+    "network": "udp"
+  },
+  {
+    "remarks": "Direct LAN IP",
+    "outboundTag": "direct",
+    "ip": [
+      "geoip:private"
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "remarks": "Direct LAN domains",
+    "outboundTag": "direct",
+    "domain": [
+      "geosite:private"
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "remarks": "Bypass Russia domains",
+    "outboundTag": "direct",
+    "domain": [
+      "geosite:category-ru"
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "remarks": "Bypass Russia IP",
+    "outboundTag": "direct",
+    "ip": [
+       "geoip:ru"
+    ]
+  }
+]
@@ -33,14 +33,6 @@
        "tls"
      ]
    }
-  },
-  {
-    "tag": "http",
-    "port": 10809,
-    "protocol": "http",
-    "settings": {
-      "userLevel": 8
-    }
  }
 ],
  "outbounds": [{
@@ -97,7 +89,7 @@
  }
  ],
  "routing": {
-      "domainStrategy": "IPIfNonMatch",
+      "domainStrategy": "AsIs",
      "rules": []
  },
  "dns": {
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+{
+  "stats":{},
+  "log": {
+    "loglevel": "warning"
+  },
+  "policy":{
+      "levels": {
+        "8": {
+          "handshake": 4,
+          "connIdle": 300,
+          "uplinkOnly": 1,
+          "downlinkOnly": 1
+        }
+      },
+      "system": {
+        "statsOutboundUplink": true,
+        "statsOutboundDownlink": true
+      }
+  },
+  "inbounds": [{
+    "tag": "socks",
+    "port": 10808,
+    "protocol": "socks",
+    "settings": {
+      "auth": "noauth",
+      "udp": true,
+      "userLevel": 8
+    },
+    "sniffing": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "destOverride": [
+        "http",
+        "tls"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "tag": "tun",
+    "port": 0,
+    "protocol": "tun",
+    "settings": {
+      "name": "xray0",
+      "MTU": 1500,
+      "userLevel": 8
+    }
+  }
+],
+  "outbounds": [{
+    "tag": "proxy",
+    "protocol": "vmess",
+    "settings": {
+      "vnext": [
+        {
+          "address": "v2ray.cool",
+          "port": 10086,
+          "users": [
+            {
+              "id": "a3482e88-686a-4a58-8126-99c9df64b7bf",
+              "alterId": 0,
+              "security": "auto",
+              "level": 8
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "servers": [
+        {
+        "address": "v2ray.cool",
+        "method": "chacha20",
+        "ota": false,
+        "password": "123456",
+        "port": 10086,
+        "level": 8
+      }
+      ]
+    },
+    "streamSettings": {
+      "network": "tcp"
+    },
+    "mux": {
+      "enabled": false
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "protocol": "freedom",
+    "settings": {
+      "domainStrategy": "UseIP"
+    },
+    "tag": "direct"
+  },
+  {
+    "protocol": "blackhole",
+    "tag": "block",
+    "settings": {
+      "response": {
+        "type": "http"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  ],
+  "routing": {
+      "domainStrategy": "AsIs",
+      "rules": []
+  },
+  "dns": {
+      "hosts": {},
+      "servers": []
+  }
+}
@@ -34,10 +34,16 @@ class AngApplication : MultiDexApplication() {

        MMKV.initialize(this)

+        // Ensure critical preference defaults are present in MMKV early
+        SettingsManager.ensureDefaultSettings()
        SettingsManager.setNightMode()
        // Initialize WorkManager with the custom configuration
        WorkManager.initialize(this, workManagerConfiguration)

        SettingsManager.initRoutingRulesets(this)
+
+        es.dmoral.toasty.Toasty.Config.getInstance()
+            .setGravity(android.view.Gravity.BOTTOM, 0, 200)
+            .apply()
    }
 }
@@ -5,10 +5,13 @@ object AppConfig {

    /** The application's package name. */
    const val ANG_PACKAGE = BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID
+    const val TAG = BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID

    /** Directory names used in the app's file system. */
    const val DIR_ASSETS = "assets"
-    const val DIR_BACKUPS = "backups"
+
+    const val  WEBDAV_BACKUP_DIR = "backups"
+    const val  WEBDAV_BACKUP_FILE_NAME = "backup_ng.zip"

    /** Legacy configuration keys. */
    const val ANG_CONFIG = "ang_config"
@@ -25,6 +28,8 @@ object AppConfig {
    const val PREF_LOCAL_DNS_PORT = "pref_local_dns_port"
    const val PREF_VPN_DNS = "pref_vpn_dns"
    const val PREF_VPN_BYPASS_LAN = "pref_vpn_bypass_lan"
+    const val PREF_VPN_INTERFACE_ADDRESS_CONFIG_INDEX = "pref_vpn_interface_address_config_index"
+    const val PREF_VPN_MTU = "pref_vpn_mtu"
    const val PREF_ROUTING_DOMAIN_STRATEGY = "pref_routing_domain_strategy"
    const val PREF_ROUTING_RULESET = "pref_routing_ruleset"
    const val PREF_MUX_ENABLED = "pref_mux_enabled"
@@ -42,6 +47,7 @@ object AppConfig {
    const val PREF_SPEED_ENABLED = "pref_speed_enabled"
    const val PREF_CONFIRM_REMOVE = "pref_confirm_remove"
    const val PREF_START_SCAN_IMMEDIATE = "pref_start_scan_immediate"
+    const val PREF_DOUBLE_COLUMN_DISPLAY = "pref_double_column_display"
    const val PREF_LANGUAGE = "pref_language"
    const val PREF_UI_MODE_NIGHT = "pref_ui_mode_night"
    const val PREF_PREFER_IPV6 = "pref_prefer_ipv6"
@@ -52,21 +58,30 @@ object AppConfig {
    const val PREF_DOMESTIC_DNS = "pref_domestic_dns"
    const val PREF_DNS_HOSTS = "pref_dns_hosts"
    const val PREF_DELAY_TEST_URL = "pref_delay_test_url"
+    const val PREF_IP_API_URL = "pref_ip_api_url"
    const val PREF_LOGLEVEL = "pref_core_loglevel"
+    const val PREF_OUTBOUND_DOMAIN_RESOLVE_METHOD = "pref_outbound_domain_resolve_method"
    const val PREF_MODE = "pref_mode"
    const val PREF_IS_BOOTED = "pref_is_booted"
+    const val PREF_CHECK_UPDATE_PRE_RELEASE = "pref_check_update_pre_release"
+    const val PREF_GEO_FILES_SOURCES = "pref_geo_files_sources"
+    const val PREF_USE_HEV_TUNNEL = "pref_use_hev_tunnel_v2"
+    const val PREF_HEV_TUNNEL_LOGLEVEL = "pref_hev_tunnel_loglevel"
+    const val PREF_HEV_TUNNEL_RW_TIMEOUT = "pref_hev_tunnel_rw_timeout_v2"
+    const val PREF_AUTO_REMOVE_INVALID_AFTER_TEST = "pref_auto_remove_invalid_after_test"
+    const val PREF_AUTO_SORT_AFTER_TEST = "pref_auto_sort_after_test"

    /** Cache keys. */
    const val CACHE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID = "cache_subscription_id"
    const val CACHE_KEYWORD_FILTER = "cache_keyword_filter"

    /** Protocol identifiers. */
-    const val PROTOCOL_FREEDOM: String = "freedom"
+    const val PROTOCOL_FREEDOM = "freedom"

    /** Broadcast actions. */
-    const val BROADCAST_ACTION_SERVICE = "com.v2ray.ang.action.service"
-    const val BROADCAST_ACTION_ACTIVITY = "com.v2ray.ang.action.activity"
-    const val BROADCAST_ACTION_WIDGET_CLICK = "com.v2ray.ang.action.widget.click"
+    const val BROADCAST_ACTION_SERVICE = "$ANG_PACKAGE.action.service"
+    const val BROADCAST_ACTION_ACTIVITY = "$ANG_PACKAGE.action.activity"
+    const val BROADCAST_ACTION_WIDGET_CLICK = "$ANG_PACKAGE.action.widget.click"

    /** Tasker extras. */
    const val TASKER_EXTRA_BUNDLE = "com.twofortyfouram.locale.intent.extra.BUNDLE"
@@ -80,25 +95,29 @@ object AppConfig {
    const val TAG_DIRECT = "direct"
    const val TAG_BLOCKED = "block"
    const val TAG_FRAGMENT = "fragment"
+    const val TAG_DNS = "dns-module"
+    const val TAG_DOMESTIC_DNS = "domestic-dns"

    /** Network-related constants. */
    const val UPLINK = "uplink"
    const val DOWNLINK = "downlink"

    /** URLs for various resources. */
-    const val androidpackagenamelistUrl =
-        "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/androidpackagenamelist/master/proxy.txt"
-    const val v2rayCustomRoutingListUrl =
-        "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayCustomRoutingList/master/"
-    const val v2rayNGUrl = "https://github.com/2dust/v2rayNG"
-    const val v2rayNGIssues = "$v2rayNGUrl/issues"
-    const val v2rayNGWikiMode = "$v2rayNGUrl/wiki/Mode"
-    const val v2rayNGPrivacyPolicy = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayNG/master/CR.md"
-    const val PromotionUrl = "aHR0cHM6Ly85LjIzNDQ1Ni54eXovYWJjLmh0bWw="
-    const val GeoUrl = "https://github.com/Loyalsoldier/v2ray-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/"
-    const val TgChannelUrl = "https://t.me/github_2dust"
-    const val DelayTestUrl = "https://www.gstatic.com/generate_204"
-    const val DelayTestUrl2 = "https://www.google.com/generate_204"
+    const val GITHUB_URL = "https://github.com"
+    const val GITHUB_RAW_URL = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com"
+    const val GITHUB_DOWNLOAD_URL = "$GITHUB_URL/%s/releases/latest/download"
+    const val ANDROID_PACKAGE_NAME_LIST_URL = "$GITHUB_RAW_URL/2dust/androidpackagenamelist/master/proxy.txt"
+    const val APP_URL = "$GITHUB_URL/2dust/v2rayNG"
+    const val APP_API_URL = "https://api.github.com/repos/2dust/v2rayNG/releases"
+    const val APP_ISSUES_URL = "$APP_URL/issues"
+    const val APP_WIKI_MODE = "$APP_URL/wiki/Mode"
+    const val APP_PRIVACY_POLICY = "$GITHUB_RAW_URL/2dust/v2rayNG/master/CR.md"
+    const val APP_PROMOTION_URL = "aHR0cHM6Ly85LjIzNDQ1Ni54eXovYWJjLmh0bWw="
+    const val TG_CHANNEL_URL = "https://t.me/github_2dust"
+    const val DELAY_TEST_URL = "https://www.gstatic.com/generate_204"
+    const val DELAY_TEST_URL2 = "https://www.google.com/generate_204"
+//    const val IP_API_URL = "https://speed.cloudflare.com/meta"
+    const val IP_API_URL = "https://api.ip.sb/geoip"

    /** DNS server addresses. */
    const val DNS_PROXY = "1.1.1.1"
@@ -133,6 +152,8 @@ object AppConfig {
    const val MSG_MEASURE_CONFIG = 7
    const val MSG_MEASURE_CONFIG_SUCCESS = 71
    const val MSG_MEASURE_CONFIG_CANCEL = 72
+    const val MSG_MEASURE_CONFIG_NOTIFY = 73
+    const val MSG_MEASURE_CONFIG_FINISH = 74

    /** Notification channel IDs and names. */
    const val RAY_NG_CHANNEL_ID = "RAY_NG_M_CH_ID"
@@ -150,11 +171,16 @@ object AppConfig {
    const val TROJAN = "trojan://"
    const val WIREGUARD = "wireguard://"
    const val TUIC = "tuic://"
+    const val HYSTERIA = "hysteria://"
    const val HYSTERIA2 = "hysteria2://"
    const val HY2 = "hy2://"

    /** Give a good name to this, IDK*/
    const val VPN = "VPN"
+    const val VPN_MTU = 1500
+
+    /** hev-sock5-tunnel read-write-timeout value */
+    const val HEVTUN_RW_TIMEOUT = "300,60"

    // Google API rule constants
    const val GOOGLEAPIS_CN_DOMAIN = "domain:googleapis.cn"
@@ -163,19 +189,13 @@ object AppConfig {
    // Android Private DNS constants
    const val DNS_DNSPOD_DOMAIN = "dot.pub"
    const val DNS_ALIDNS_DOMAIN = "dns.alidns.com"
-    const val DNS_CLOUDFLARE_DOMAIN = "one.one.one.one"
+    const val DNS_CLOUDFLARE_ONE_DOMAIN = "one.one.one.one"
+    const val DNS_CLOUDFLARE_DNS_COM_DOMAIN = "dns.cloudflare.com"
+    const val DNS_CLOUDFLARE_DNS_DOMAIN = "cloudflare-dns.com"
    const val DNS_GOOGLE_DOMAIN = "dns.google"
    const val DNS_QUAD9_DOMAIN = "dns.quad9.net"
    const val DNS_YANDEX_DOMAIN = "common.dot.dns.yandex.net"

-    
-    val DNS_ALIDNS_ADDRESSES = arrayListOf("223.5.5.5", "223.6.6.6", "2400:3200::1", "2400:3200:baba::1")
-    val DNS_CLOUDFLARE_ADDRESSES = arrayListOf("1.1.1.1", "1.0.0.1", "2606:4700:4700::1111", "2606:4700:4700::1001")
-    val DNS_DNSPOD_ADDRESSES = arrayListOf("1.12.12.12", "120.53.53.53")
-    val DNS_GOOGLE_ADDRESSES = arrayListOf("8.8.8.8", "8.8.4.4", "2001:4860:4860::8888", "2001:4860:4860::8844")
-    val DNS_QUAD9_ADDRESSES = arrayListOf("9.9.9.9", "149.112.112.112", "2620:fe::fe", "2620:fe::9")
-    val DNS_YANDEX_ADDRESSES = arrayListOf("77.88.8.8", "77.88.8.1", "2a02:6b8::feed:0ff", "2a02:6b8:0:1::feed:0ff")
-
    const val DEFAULT_PORT = 443
    const val DEFAULT_SECURITY = "auto"
    const val DEFAULT_LEVEL = 8
@@ -184,4 +204,64 @@ object AppConfig {
    const val REALITY = "reality"
    const val HEADER_TYPE_HTTP = "http"

+    val DNS_ALIDNS_ADDRESSES = arrayListOf("223.5.5.5", "223.6.6.6", "2400:3200::1", "2400:3200:baba::1")
+    val DNS_CLOUDFLARE_ONE_ADDRESSES = arrayListOf("1.1.1.1", "1.0.0.1", "2606:4700:4700::1111", "2606:4700:4700::1001")
+    val DNS_CLOUDFLARE_DNS_COM_ADDRESSES = arrayListOf("104.16.132.229", "104.16.133.229", "2606:4700::6810:84e5", "2606:4700::6810:85e5")
+    val DNS_CLOUDFLARE_DNS_ADDRESSES = arrayListOf("104.16.248.249", "104.16.249.249", "2606:4700::6810:f8f9", "2606:4700::6810:f9f9")
+    val DNS_DNSPOD_ADDRESSES = arrayListOf("1.12.12.12", "120.53.53.53")
+    val DNS_GOOGLE_ADDRESSES = arrayListOf("8.8.8.8", "8.8.4.4", "2001:4860:4860::8888", "2001:4860:4860::8844")
+    val DNS_QUAD9_ADDRESSES = arrayListOf("9.9.9.9", "149.112.112.112", "2620:fe::fe", "2620:fe::9")
+    val DNS_YANDEX_ADDRESSES = arrayListOf("77.88.8.8", "77.88.8.1", "2a02:6b8::feed:0ff", "2a02:6b8:0:1::feed:0ff")
+
+    //minimum list https://serverfault.com/a/304791
+    val ROUTED_IP_LIST = arrayListOf(
+        "0.0.0.0/5",
+        "8.0.0.0/7",
+        "11.0.0.0/8",
+        "12.0.0.0/6",
+        "16.0.0.0/4",
+        "32.0.0.0/3",
+        "64.0.0.0/2",
+        "128.0.0.0/3",
+        "160.0.0.0/5",
+        "168.0.0.0/6",
+        "172.0.0.0/12",
+        "172.32.0.0/11",
+        "172.64.0.0/10",
+        "172.128.0.0/9",
+        "173.0.0.0/8",
+        "174.0.0.0/7",
+        "176.0.0.0/4",
+        "192.0.0.0/9",
+        "192.128.0.0/11",
+        "192.160.0.0/13",
+        "192.169.0.0/16",
+        "192.170.0.0/15",
+        "192.172.0.0/14",
+        "192.176.0.0/12",
+        "192.192.0.0/10",
+        "193.0.0.0/8",
+        "194.0.0.0/7",
+        "196.0.0.0/6",
+        "200.0.0.0/5",
+        "208.0.0.0/4",
+        "240.0.0.0/4"
+    )
+
+    val PRIVATE_IP_LIST = arrayListOf(
+        "0.0.0.0/8",
+        "10.0.0.0/8",
+        "127.0.0.0/8",
+        "172.16.0.0/12",
+        "192.168.0.0/16",
+        "169.254.0.0/16",
+        "224.0.0.0/4"
+    )
+
+    val GEO_FILES_SOURCES = arrayListOf(
+        "Loyalsoldier/v2ray-rules-dat",
+        "runetfreedom/russia-v2ray-rules-dat",
+        "Chocolate4U/Iran-v2ray-rules"
+    )
+
 }
@@ -4,5 +4,6 @@ data class AssetUrlItem(
    var remarks: String = "",
    var url: String = "",
    val addedTime: Long = System.currentTimeMillis(),
-    var lastUpdated: Long = -1
+    var lastUpdated: Long = -1,
+    var locked: Boolean? = false,
 )
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.dto
+
+data class CheckUpdateResult(
+    val hasUpdate: Boolean,
+    val latestVersion: String? = null,
+    val releaseNotes: String? = null,
+    val downloadUrl: String? = null,
+    val error: String? = null,
+    val isPreRelease: Boolean = false
+)
@@ -4,6 +4,5 @@ data class ConfigResult(
    var status: Boolean,
    var guid: String? = null,
    var content: String = "",
-    var domainPort: String? = null,
 )

@@ -11,9 +11,12 @@ enum class EConfigType(val value: Int, val protocolScheme: String) {
    VLESS(5, AppConfig.VLESS),
    TROJAN(6, AppConfig.TROJAN),
    WIREGUARD(7, AppConfig.WIREGUARD),
-//    TUIC(8, AppConfig.TUIC),
+
+    //    TUIC(8, AppConfig.TUIC),
    HYSTERIA2(9, AppConfig.HYSTERIA2),
-    HTTP(10, AppConfig.HTTP);
+    HYSTERIA(900, AppConfig.HYSTERIA),
+    HTTP(10, AppConfig.HTTP),
+    POLICYGROUP (101, AppConfig.CUSTOM);

    companion object {
        fun fromInt(value: Int) = entries.firstOrNull { it.value == value }
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.dto
+
+import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName
+
+data class GitHubRelease(
+    @SerializedName("tag_name")
+    val tagName: String,
+    @SerializedName("body")
+    val body: String,
+    @SerializedName("assets")
+    val assets: List<Asset>,
+    @SerializedName("prerelease")
+    val prerelease: Boolean = false,
+    @SerializedName("published_at")
+    val publishedAt: String = ""
+) {
+    data class Asset(
+        @SerializedName("name")
+        val name: String,
+        @SerializedName("browser_download_url")
+        val browserDownloadUrl: String
+    )
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.dto
+
+data class GroupMapItem(
+    var id: String,
+    var remarks: String,
+)
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-package com.v2ray.ang.dto
-
-data class Hysteria2Bean(
-    val server: String?,
-    val auth: String?,
-    val lazy: Boolean? = true,
-    val obfs: ObfsBean? = null,
-    val socks5: Socks5Bean? = null,
-    val http: Socks5Bean? = null,
-    val tls: TlsBean? = null,
-    val transport: TransportBean? = null,
-    val bandwidth: BandwidthBean? = null,
-) {
-    data class ObfsBean(
-        val type: String?,
-        val salamander: SalamanderBean?
-    ) {
-        data class SalamanderBean(
-            val password: String?,
-        )
-    }
-
-    data class Socks5Bean(
-        val listen: String?,
-    )
-
-    data class TlsBean(
-        val sni: String?,
-        val insecure: Boolean?,
-        val pinSHA256: String?,
-    )
-
-    data class TransportBean(
-        val type: String?,
-        val udp: TransportUdpBean?
-    ) {
-        data class TransportUdpBean(
-            val hopInterval: String?,
-        )
-    }
-
-    data class BandwidthBean(
-        val down: String?,
-        val up: String?,
-    )
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.dto
+
+data class IPAPIInfo(
+    var ip: String? = null,
+    var clientIp: String? = null,
+    var ip_addr: String? = null,
+    var query: String? = null,
+    var country: String? = null,
+    var country_name: String? = null,
+    var country_code: String? = null,
+    var countryCode: String? = null,
+    var location: LocationBean? = null
+) {
+    data class LocationBean(
+        var country_code: String? = null
+    )
+}
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ enum class Language(val code: String) {
    VIETNAMESE("vi"),
    RUSSIAN("ru"),
    PERSIAN("fa"),
+    ARABIC("ar"),
    BANGLA("bn"),
    BAKHTIARI("bqi-rIR");

@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@ enum class NetworkType(val type: String) {
    XHTTP("xhttp"),
    HTTP("http"),
    H2("h2"),
+
    //QUIC("quic"),
-    GRPC("grpc");
+    GRPC("grpc"),
+    HYSTERIA("hysteria");

    companion object {
        fun fromString(type: String?) = entries.find { it.type == type } ?: TCP
@@ -40,10 +40,13 @@ data class ProfileItem(
    var alpn: String? = null,
    var fingerPrint: String? = null,
    var insecure: Boolean? = null,
+    var echConfigList: String? = null,
+    var echForceQuery: String? = null,

    var publicKey: String? = null,
    var shortId: String? = null,
    var spiderX: String? = null,
+    var mldsa65Verify: String? = null,

    var secretKey: String? = null,
    var preSharedKey: String? = null,
@@ -58,6 +61,10 @@ data class ProfileItem(
    var bandwidthDown: String? = null,
    var bandwidthUp: String? = null,

+    var policyGroupType: String? = null,
+    var policyGroupSubscriptionId: String? = null,
+    var policyGroupFilter: String? = null,
+
    ) {
    companion object {
        fun create(configType: EConfigType): ProfileItem {
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-package com.v2ray.ang.dto
-
-data class ProfileLiteItem(
-    val configType: EConfigType,
-    var subscriptionId: String = "",
-    var remarks: String = "",
-    var server: String?,
-    var serverPort: Int?,
-)
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ enum class RoutingType(val fileName: String) {
    WHITE("custom_routing_white"),
    BLACK("custom_routing_black"),
    GLOBAL("custom_routing_global"),
-    WHITE_IRAN("custom_routing_white_iran");
+    WHITE_IRAN("custom_routing_white_iran"),
+    WHITE_RUSSIA("custom_routing_white_russia");

    companion object {
        fun fromIndex(index: Int): RoutingType {
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ enum class RoutingType(val fileName: String) {
                1 -> BLACK
                2 -> GLOBAL
                3 -> WHITE_IRAN
+                4 -> WHITE_RUSSIA
                else -> WHITE
            }
        }
@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-package com.v2ray.ang.dto
-
-import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.TAG_BLOCKED
-import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.TAG_DIRECT
-import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.TAG_PROXY
-
-data class ServerConfig(
-    val configVersion: Int = 3,
-    val configType: EConfigType,
-    var subscriptionId: String = "",
-    val addedTime: Long = System.currentTimeMillis(),
-    var remarks: String = "",
-    val outboundBean: V2rayConfig.OutboundBean? = null,
-    var fullConfig: V2rayConfig? = null
-) {
-    companion object {
-        fun create(configType: EConfigType): ServerConfig {
-            when (configType) {
-                EConfigType.VMESS,
-                EConfigType.VLESS ->
-                    return ServerConfig(
-                        configType = configType,
-                        outboundBean = V2rayConfig.OutboundBean(
-                            protocol = configType.name.lowercase(),
-                            settings = V2rayConfig.OutboundBean.OutSettingsBean(
-                                vnext = listOf(
-                                    V2rayConfig.OutboundBean.OutSettingsBean.VnextBean(
-                                        users = listOf(V2rayConfig.OutboundBean.OutSettingsBean.VnextBean.UsersBean())
-                                    )
-                                )
-                            ),
-                            streamSettings = V2rayConfig.OutboundBean.StreamSettingsBean()
-                        )
-                    )
-
-                EConfigType.CUSTOM ->
-                    return ServerConfig(configType = configType)
-
-                EConfigType.SHADOWSOCKS,
-                EConfigType.SOCKS,
-                EConfigType.HTTP,
-                EConfigType.TROJAN,
-                EConfigType.HYSTERIA2 ->
-                    return ServerConfig(
-                        configType = configType,
-                        outboundBean = V2rayConfig.OutboundBean(
-                            protocol = configType.name.lowercase(),
-                            settings = V2rayConfig.OutboundBean.OutSettingsBean(
-                                servers = listOf(V2rayConfig.OutboundBean.OutSettingsBean.ServersBean())
-                            ),
-                            streamSettings = V2rayConfig.OutboundBean.StreamSettingsBean()
-                        )
-                    )
-
-                EConfigType.WIREGUARD ->
-                    return ServerConfig(
-                        configType = configType,
-                        outboundBean = V2rayConfig.OutboundBean(
-                            protocol = configType.name.lowercase(),
-                            settings = V2rayConfig.OutboundBean.OutSettingsBean(
-                                secretKey = "",
-                                peers = listOf(V2rayConfig.OutboundBean.OutSettingsBean.WireGuardBean())
-                            )
-                        )
-                    )
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun getProxyOutbound(): V2rayConfig.OutboundBean? {
-        if (configType != EConfigType.CUSTOM) {
-            return outboundBean
-        }
-        return fullConfig?.getProxyOutbound()
-    }
-
-    fun getAllOutboundTags(): MutableList<String> {
-        if (configType != EConfigType.CUSTOM) {
-            return mutableListOf(TAG_PROXY, TAG_DIRECT, TAG_BLOCKED)
-        }
-        fullConfig?.let { config ->
-            return config.outbounds.map { it.tag }.toMutableList()
-        }
-        return mutableListOf()
-    }
-}
@@ -11,5 +11,7 @@ data class SubscriptionItem(
    var prevProfile: String? = null,
    var nextProfile: String? = null,
    var filter: String? = null,
+    var allowInsecureUrl: Boolean = false,
+    var userAgent: String? = null,
 )

@@ -1,28 +1,16 @@
 package com.v2ray.ang.dto

-import android.text.TextUtils
-import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder
-import com.google.gson.JsonPrimitive
-import com.google.gson.JsonSerializationContext
-import com.google.gson.JsonSerializer
 import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName
-import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
-import com.v2ray.ang.dto.V2rayConfig.OutboundBean.OutSettingsBean.ServersBean
-import com.v2ray.ang.dto.V2rayConfig.OutboundBean.OutSettingsBean.VnextBean
-import com.v2ray.ang.dto.V2rayConfig.OutboundBean.OutSettingsBean.VnextBean.UsersBean
-import com.v2ray.ang.dto.V2rayConfig.OutboundBean.OutSettingsBean.WireGuardBean
-import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
-import java.lang.reflect.Type

 data class V2rayConfig(
    var remarks: String? = null,
    var stats: Any? = null,
    val log: LogBean,
-    var policy: PolicyBean?,
+    var policy: PolicyBean? = null,
    val inbounds: ArrayList<InboundBean>,
    var outbounds: ArrayList<OutboundBean>,
-    var dns: DnsBean,
+    var dns: DnsBean? = null,
    val routing: RoutingBean,
    val api: Any? = null,
    val transport: Any? = null,
@@ -34,9 +22,9 @@ data class V2rayConfig(
 ) {

    data class LogBean(
-        val access: String,
-        val error: String,
-        var loglevel: String?,
+        val access: String? = null,
+        val error: String? = null,
+        var loglevel: String? = null,
        val dnsLog: Boolean? = null
    )

@@ -45,19 +33,19 @@ data class V2rayConfig(
        var port: Int,
        var protocol: String,
        var listen: String? = null,
-        val settings: Any? = null,
-        val sniffing: SniffingBean?,
+        var settings: InSettingsBean? = null,
+        val sniffing: SniffingBean? = null,
        val streamSettings: Any? = null,
        val allocate: Any? = null
    ) {

        data class InSettingsBean(
-            val auth: String? = null,
-            val udp: Boolean? = null,
-            val userLevel: Int? = null,
-            val address: String? = null,
-            val port: Int? = null,
-            val network: String? = null
+            var auth: String? = null,
+            var udp: Boolean? = null,
+            var userLevel: Int? = null,
+            var name: String? = null,
+            @SerializedName("MTU")
+            var mtu: Int? = null
        )

        data class SniffingBean(
@@ -77,50 +65,6 @@ data class V2rayConfig(
        val sendThrough: String? = null,
        var mux: MuxBean? = MuxBean(false)
    ) {
-        companion object {
-            fun create(configType: EConfigType): OutboundBean? {
-                return when (configType) {
-                    EConfigType.VMESS,
-                    EConfigType.VLESS ->
-                        return OutboundBean(
-                            protocol = configType.name.lowercase(),
-                            settings = OutSettingsBean(
-                                vnext = listOf(
-                                    VnextBean(
-                                        users = listOf(UsersBean())
-                                    )
-                                )
-                            ),
-                            streamSettings = StreamSettingsBean()
-                        )
-
-                    EConfigType.SHADOWSOCKS,
-                    EConfigType.SOCKS,
-                    EConfigType.HTTP,
-                    EConfigType.TROJAN,
-                    EConfigType.HYSTERIA2 ->
-                        return OutboundBean(
-                            protocol = configType.name.lowercase(),
-                            settings = OutSettingsBean(
-                                servers = listOf(ServersBean())
-                            ),
-                            streamSettings = StreamSettingsBean()
-                        )
-
-                    EConfigType.WIREGUARD ->
-                        return OutboundBean(
-                            protocol = configType.name.lowercase(),
-                            settings = OutSettingsBean(
-                                secretKey = "",
-                                peers = listOf(WireGuardBean())
-                            )
-                        )
-
-                    EConfigType.CUSTOM -> null
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
        data class OutSettingsBean(
            var vnext: List<VnextBean>? = null,
            var fragment: FragmentBean? = null,
@@ -131,7 +75,7 @@ data class V2rayConfig(
            /*DNS*/
            val network: String? = null,
            var address: Any? = null,
-            val port: Int? = null,
+            var port: Int? = null,
            /*Freedom*/
            var domainStrategy: String? = null,
            val redirect: String? = null,
@@ -197,7 +141,7 @@ data class V2rayConfig(

            data class WireGuardBean(
                var publicKey: String = "",
-                var preSharedKey: String = "",
+                var preSharedKey: String? = null,
                var endpoint: String = ""
            )
        }
@@ -215,7 +159,8 @@ data class V2rayConfig(
            var quicSettings: QuicSettingBean? = null,
            var realitySettings: TlsSettingsBean? = null,
            var grpcSettings: GrpcSettingsBean? = null,
-            var hy2steriaSettings: Hy2steriaSettingsBean? = null,
+            var hysteriaSettings: HysteriaSettingsBean? = null,
+            var udpmasks: List<UdpMasksBean>? = null,
            val dsSettings: Any? = null,
            var sockopt: SockoptBean? = null
        ) {
@@ -261,7 +206,8 @@ data class V2rayConfig(
            ) {
                data class HeaderBean(
                    var type: String = "none",
-                    var domain: String? = null)
+                    var domain: String? = null
+                )
            }

            data class WsSettingsBean(
@@ -298,7 +244,16 @@ data class V2rayConfig(
                var tcpFastOpen: Boolean? = null,
                var tproxy: String? = null,
                var mark: Int? = null,
-                var dialerProxy: String? = null
+                var dialerProxy: String? = null,
+                var domainStrategy: String? = null,
+                var happyEyeballs: HappyEyeballsBean? = null,
+            )
+
+            data class HappyEyeballsBean(
+                var prioritizeIPv6: Boolean? = null,
+                var maxConcurrentTry: Int? = 4,
+                var tryDelayMs: Int? = 250, // ms
+                var interleave: Int? = null,
            )

            data class TlsSettingsBean(
@@ -313,11 +268,14 @@ data class V2rayConfig(
                val certificates: List<Any>? = null,
                val disableSystemRoot: Boolean? = null,
                val enableSessionResumption: Boolean? = null,
+                var echConfigList: String? = null,
+                var echForceQuery: String? = null,
                // REALITY settings
                val show: Boolean = false,
                var publicKey: String? = null,
                var shortId: String? = null,
-                var spiderX: String? = null
+                var spiderX: String? = null,
+                var mldsa65Verify: String? = null
            )

            data class QuicSettingBean(
@@ -336,150 +294,26 @@ data class V2rayConfig(
                var health_check_timeout: Int? = null
            )

-            data class Hy2steriaSettingsBean(
-                var password: String? = null,
-                var use_udp_extension: Boolean? = true,
-                var congestion: Hy2CongestionBean? = null
+            data class HysteriaSettingsBean(
+                var version: Int,
+                var auth: String? = null,
+                var up: String? = null,
+                var down: String? = null,
+                var udphop: HysteriaUdpHopBean? = null
            ) {
-                data class Hy2CongestionBean(
-                    var type: String? = "bbr",
-                    var up_mbps: Int? = null,
-                    var down_mbps: Int? = null,
+                data class HysteriaUdpHopBean(
+                    var port: String? = null,
+                    var interval: Int? = null
                )
            }

-            fun populateTransportSettings(
-                transport: String,
-                headerType: String?,
-                host: String?,
-                path: String?,
-                seed: String?,
-                quicSecurity: String?,
-                key: String?,
-                mode: String?,
-                serviceName: String?,
-                authority: String?
-            ): String? {
-                var sni: String? = null
-                network = if (transport.isEmpty()) NetworkType.TCP.type else transport
-                when (network) {
-                    NetworkType.TCP.type -> {
-                        val tcpSetting = TcpSettingsBean()
-                        if (headerType == AppConfig.HEADER_TYPE_HTTP) {
-                            tcpSetting.header.type = AppConfig.HEADER_TYPE_HTTP
-                            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(host) || !TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) {
-                                val requestObj = TcpSettingsBean.HeaderBean.RequestBean()
-                                requestObj.headers.Host = host.orEmpty().split(",").map { it.trim() }.filter { it.isNotEmpty() }
-                                requestObj.path = path.orEmpty().split(",").map { it.trim() }.filter { it.isNotEmpty() }
-                                tcpSetting.header.request = requestObj
-                                sni = requestObj.headers.Host?.getOrNull(0)
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            tcpSetting.header.type = "none"
-                            sni = host
-                        }
-                        tcpSettings = tcpSetting
-                    }
-
-                    NetworkType.KCP.type -> {
-                        val kcpsetting = KcpSettingsBean()
-                        kcpsetting.header.type = headerType ?: "none"
-                        if (seed.isNullOrEmpty()) {
-                            kcpsetting.seed = null
-                        } else {
-                            kcpsetting.seed = seed
-                        }
-                        if (host.isNullOrEmpty()) {
-                            kcpsetting.header.domain = null
-                        } else {
-                            kcpsetting.header.domain = host
-                        }
-                        kcpSettings = kcpsetting
-                    }
-
-                    NetworkType.WS.type -> {
-                        val wssetting = WsSettingsBean()
-                        wssetting.headers.Host = host.orEmpty()
-                        sni = host
-                        wssetting.path = path ?: "/"
-                        wsSettings = wssetting
-                    }
-
-                    NetworkType.HTTP_UPGRADE.type -> {
-                        val httpupgradeSetting = HttpupgradeSettingsBean()
-                        httpupgradeSetting.host = host.orEmpty()
-                        sni = host
-                        httpupgradeSetting.path = path ?: "/"
-                        httpupgradeSettings = httpupgradeSetting
-                    }
-
-                    NetworkType.XHTTP.type -> {
-                        val xhttpSetting = XhttpSettingsBean()
-                        xhttpSetting.host = host.orEmpty()
-                        sni = host
-                        xhttpSetting.path = path ?: "/"
-                        xhttpSettings = xhttpSetting
-                    }
-
-                    NetworkType.H2.type, NetworkType.HTTP.type -> {
-                        network = NetworkType.H2.type
-                        val h2Setting = HttpSettingsBean()
-                        h2Setting.host = host.orEmpty().split(",").map { it.trim() }.filter { it.isNotEmpty() }
-                        sni = h2Setting.host.getOrNull(0)
-                        h2Setting.path = path ?: "/"
-                        httpSettings = h2Setting
-                    }
-
-//                    "quic" -> {
-//                        val quicsetting = QuicSettingBean()
-//                        quicsetting.security = quicSecurity ?: "none"
-//                        quicsetting.key = key.orEmpty()
-//                        quicsetting.header.type = headerType ?: "none"
-//                        quicSettings = quicsetting
-//                    }
-
-                    NetworkType.GRPC.type -> {
-                        val grpcSetting = GrpcSettingsBean()
-                        grpcSetting.multiMode = mode == "multi"
-                        grpcSetting.serviceName = serviceName.orEmpty()
-                        grpcSetting.authority = authority.orEmpty()
-                        grpcSetting.idle_timeout = 60
-                        grpcSetting.health_check_timeout = 20
-                        sni = authority
-                        grpcSettings = grpcSetting
-                    }
-                }
-                return sni
-            }
-
-            fun populateTlsSettings(
-                streamSecurity: String,
-                allowInsecure: Boolean,
-                sni: String?,
-                fingerprint: String?,
-                alpns: String?,
-                publicKey: String?,
-                shortId: String?,
-                spiderX: String?
+            data class UdpMasksBean(
+                var type: String,
+                var settings: UdpMasksSettingsBean? = null
            ) {
-                security = if (streamSecurity.isEmpty()) null else streamSecurity
-                if (security == null) return
-                val tlsSetting = TlsSettingsBean(
-                    allowInsecure = allowInsecure,
-                    serverName = if (sni.isNullOrEmpty()) null else sni,
-                    fingerprint = if (fingerprint.isNullOrEmpty()) null else fingerprint,
-                    alpn = if (alpns.isNullOrEmpty()) null else alpns.split(",").map { it.trim() }.filter { it.isNotEmpty() },
-                    publicKey = if (publicKey.isNullOrEmpty()) null else publicKey,
-                    shortId = if (shortId.isNullOrEmpty()) null else shortId,
-                    spiderX = if (spiderX.isNullOrEmpty()) null else spiderX,
+                data class UdpMasksSettingsBean(
+                    var password: String? = null
                )
-                if (security == AppConfig.TLS) {
-                    tlsSettings = tlsSetting
-                    realitySettings = null
-                } else if (security == AppConfig.REALITY) {
-                    tlsSettings = null
-                    realitySettings = tlsSetting
-                }
            }
        }

@@ -499,11 +333,14 @@ data class V2rayConfig(
                || protocol.equals(EConfigType.SOCKS.name, true)
                || protocol.equals(EConfigType.HTTP.name, true)
                || protocol.equals(EConfigType.TROJAN.name, true)
-                || protocol.equals(EConfigType.HYSTERIA2.name, true)
            ) {
                return settings?.servers?.first()?.address
            } else if (protocol.equals(EConfigType.WIREGUARD.name, true)) {
                return settings?.peers?.first()?.endpoint?.substringBeforeLast(":")
+            } else if (protocol.equals(EConfigType.HYSTERIA2.name, true)
+                || protocol.equals(EConfigType.HYSTERIA.name, true)
+            ) {
+                return settings?.address as String?
            }
            return null
        }
@@ -517,134 +354,28 @@ data class V2rayConfig(
                || protocol.equals(EConfigType.SOCKS.name, true)
                || protocol.equals(EConfigType.HTTP.name, true)
                || protocol.equals(EConfigType.TROJAN.name, true)
-                || protocol.equals(EConfigType.HYSTERIA2.name, true)
            ) {
                return settings?.servers?.first()?.port
            } else if (protocol.equals(EConfigType.WIREGUARD.name, true)) {
                return settings?.peers?.first()?.endpoint?.substringAfterLast(":")?.toInt()
+            } else if (protocol.equals(EConfigType.HYSTERIA2.name, true)
+                || protocol.equals(EConfigType.HYSTERIA.name, true)
+            ) {
+                return settings?.port
            }
            return null
        }

-        fun getServerAddressAndPort(): String {
-            val address = getServerAddress().orEmpty()
-            val port = getServerPort()
-            return Utils.getIpv6Address(address) + ":" + port
-        }
-
-        fun getPassword(): String? {
-            if (protocol.equals(EConfigType.VMESS.name, true)
-                || protocol.equals(EConfigType.VLESS.name, true)
-            ) {
-                return settings?.vnext?.first()?.users?.first()?.id
-            } else if (protocol.equals(EConfigType.SHADOWSOCKS.name, true)
-                || protocol.equals(EConfigType.TROJAN.name, true)
-                || protocol.equals(EConfigType.HYSTERIA2.name, true)
-            ) {
-                return settings?.servers?.first()?.password
-            } else if (protocol.equals(EConfigType.SOCKS.name, true)
-                || protocol.equals(EConfigType.HTTP.name, true)
-            ) {
-                return settings?.servers?.first()?.users?.first()?.pass
-            } else if (protocol.equals(EConfigType.WIREGUARD.name, true)) {
-                return settings?.secretKey
+        fun ensureSockopt(): StreamSettingsBean.SockoptBean {
+            val stream = streamSettings ?: StreamSettingsBean().also {
+                streamSettings = it
            }
-            return null
-        }

-        fun getSecurityEncryption(): String? {
-            return when {
-                protocol.equals(EConfigType.VMESS.name, true) -> settings?.vnext?.first()?.users?.first()?.security
-                protocol.equals(EConfigType.VLESS.name, true) -> settings?.vnext?.first()?.users?.first()?.encryption
-                protocol.equals(EConfigType.SHADOWSOCKS.name, true) -> settings?.servers?.first()?.method
-                else -> null
+            val sockopt = stream.sockopt ?: StreamSettingsBean.SockoptBean().also {
+                stream.sockopt = it
            }
-        }

-        fun getTransportSettingDetails(): List<String?>? {
-            if (protocol.equals(EConfigType.VMESS.name, true)
-                || protocol.equals(EConfigType.VLESS.name, true)
-                || protocol.equals(EConfigType.TROJAN.name, true)
-                || protocol.equals(EConfigType.SHADOWSOCKS.name, true)
-            ) {
-                val transport = streamSettings?.network ?: return null
-                return when (transport) {
-                    NetworkType.TCP.type -> {
-                        val tcpSetting = streamSettings?.tcpSettings ?: return null
-                        listOf(
-                            tcpSetting.header.type,
-                            tcpSetting.header.request?.headers?.Host?.joinToString(",").orEmpty(),
-                            tcpSetting.header.request?.path?.joinToString(",").orEmpty()
-                        )
-                    }
-
-                    NetworkType.KCP.type -> {
-                        val kcpSetting = streamSettings?.kcpSettings ?: return null
-                        listOf(
-                            kcpSetting.header.type,
-                            "",
-                            kcpSetting.seed.orEmpty()
-                        )
-                    }
-
-                    NetworkType.WS.type -> {
-                        val wsSetting = streamSettings?.wsSettings ?: return null
-                        listOf(
-                            "",
-                            wsSetting.headers.Host,
-                            wsSetting.path
-                        )
-                    }
-
-                    NetworkType.HTTP_UPGRADE.type -> {
-                        val httpupgradeSetting = streamSettings?.httpupgradeSettings ?: return null
-                        listOf(
-                            "",
-                            httpupgradeSetting.host,
-                            httpupgradeSetting.path
-                        )
-                    }
-
-                    NetworkType.XHTTP.type -> {
-                        val xhttpSettings = streamSettings?.xhttpSettings ?: return null
-                        listOf(
-                            "",
-                            xhttpSettings.host,
-                            xhttpSettings.path
-                        )
-                    }
-
-                    NetworkType.H2.type -> {
-                        val h2Setting = streamSettings?.httpSettings ?: return null
-                        listOf(
-                            "",
-                            h2Setting.host.joinToString(","),
-                            h2Setting.path
-                        )
-                    }
-
-//                    "quic" -> {
-//                        val quicSetting = streamSettings?.quicSettings ?: return null
-//                        listOf(
-//                            quicSetting.header.type,
-//                            quicSetting.security,
-//                            quicSetting.key
-//                        )
-//                    }
-
-                    NetworkType.GRPC.type -> {
-                        val grpcSetting = streamSettings?.grpcSettings ?: return null
-                        listOf(
-                            if (grpcSetting.multiMode == true) "multi" else "gun",
-                            grpcSetting.authority.orEmpty(),
-                            grpcSetting.serviceName
-                        )
-                    }
-
-                    else -> null
-                }
-            }
-            return null
+            return sockopt
        }
    }

@@ -663,6 +394,7 @@ data class V2rayConfig(
            var expectIPs: List<String>? = null,
            val clientIp: String? = null,
            val skipFallback: Boolean? = null,
+            val tag: String? = null,
        )
    }

@@ -670,14 +402,14 @@ data class V2rayConfig(
        var domainStrategy: String,
        var domainMatcher: String? = null,
        var rules: ArrayList<RulesBean>,
-        val balancers: List<Any>? = null
+        var balancers: List<BalancerBean>? = null
    ) {

        data class RulesBean(
            var type: String = "field",
            var ip: ArrayList<String>? = null,
            var domain: ArrayList<String>? = null,
-            var outboundTag: String = "",
+            var outboundTag: String? = null,
            var balancerTag: String? = null,
            var port: String? = null,
            val sourcePort: String? = null,
@@ -689,6 +421,32 @@ data class V2rayConfig(
            val attrs: String? = null,
            val domainMatcher: String? = null
        )
+
+        data class BalancerBean(
+            val tag: String,
+            val selector: List<String>,
+            val fallbackTag: String? = null,
+            val strategy: StrategyObject? = null
+        )
+
+        data class StrategyObject(
+            val type: String = "random", // "random" | "roundRobin" | "leastPing" | "leastLoad"
+            val settings: StrategySettingsObject? = null
+        )
+
+        data class StrategySettingsObject(
+            val expected: Int? = null,
+            val maxRTT: String? = null,
+            val tolerance: Double? = null,
+            val baselines: List<String>? = null,
+            val costs: List<CostObject>? = null
+        )
+
+        data class CostObject(
+            val regexp: Boolean = false,
+            val match: String,
+            val value: Double
+        )
    }

    data class PolicyBean(
@@ -706,6 +464,26 @@ data class V2rayConfig(
        )
    }

+    data class ObservatoryObject(
+        val subjectSelector: List<String>,
+        val probeUrl: String,
+        val probeInterval: String,
+        val enableConcurrency: Boolean = false
+    )
+
+    data class BurstObservatoryObject(
+        val subjectSelector: List<String>,
+        val pingConfig: PingConfigObject
+    ) {
+        data class PingConfigObject(
+            val destination: String,
+            val connectivity: String? = null,
+            val interval: String,
+            val sampling: Int,
+            val timeout: String? = null
+        )
+    }
+
    data class FakednsBean(
        var ipPool: String = "198.18.0.0/15",
        var poolSize: Int = 10000
@@ -722,15 +500,9 @@ data class V2rayConfig(
        return null
    }

-    fun toPrettyPrinting(): String {
-        return GsonBuilder()
-            .setPrettyPrinting()
-            .disableHtmlEscaping()
-            .registerTypeAdapter( // custom serialiser is needed here since JSON by default parse number as Double, core will fail to start
-                object : TypeToken<Double>() {}.type,
-                JsonSerializer { src: Double?, _: Type?, _: JsonSerializationContext? -> JsonPrimitive(src?.toInt()) }
-            )
-            .create()
-            .toJson(this)
+    fun getAllProxyOutbound(): List<OutboundBean> {
+        return outbounds.filter { outbound ->
+            EConfigType.entries.any { it.name.equals(outbound.protocol, ignoreCase = true) }
+        }
    }
-}
+}
@@ -15,5 +15,6 @@ data class VmessQRCode(
    var tls: String = "",
    var sni: String = "",
    var alpn: String = "",
-    var fp: String = ""
+    var fp: String = "",
+    var insecure: String = ""
 )
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.dto
+
+/**
+ * VPN interface address configuration enum class
+ * Defines predefined IPv4 and IPv6 address pairs for VPN TUN interface configuration.
+ * Each option provides client and router addresses to establish point-to-point VPN tunnels.
+ */
+enum class VpnInterfaceAddressConfig(
+    val displayName: String,
+    val ipv4Client: String,
+    val ipv4Router: String,
+    val ipv6Client: String,
+    val ipv6Router: String
+) {
+    OPTION_1("10.10.14.x", "10.10.14.1", "10.10.14.2", "fc00::10:10:14:1", "fc00::10:10:14:2"),
+    OPTION_2("10.1.0.x", "10.1.0.1", "10.1.0.2", "fc00::10:1:0:1", "fc00::10:1:0:2"),
+    OPTION_3("10.0.0.x", "10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2", "fc00::10:0:0:1", "fc00::10:0:0:2"),
+    OPTION_4("172.31.0.x", "172.31.0.1", "172.31.0.2", "fc00::172:31:0:1", "fc00::172:31:0:2"),
+    OPTION_5("172.20.0.x", "172.20.0.1", "172.20.0.2", "fc00::172:20:0:1", "fc00::172:20:0:2"),
+    OPTION_6("172.16.0.x", "172.16.0.1", "172.16.0.2", "fc00::172:16:0:1", "fc00::172:16:0:2"),
+    OPTION_7("192.168.100.x", "192.168.100.1", "192.168.100.2", "fc00::192:168:100:1", "fc00::192:168:100:2");
+
+    companion object {
+        /**
+         * Retrieves the VPN interface address configuration based on the specified index.
+         *
+         * @param index The configuration index (0-based) corresponding to user selection
+         * @return The VpnInterfaceAddressConfig instance at the specified index,
+         *         or OPTION_1 (default) if the index is out of bounds
+         */
+        fun getConfigByIndex(index: Int): VpnInterfaceAddressConfig {
+            return if (index in entries.toTypedArray().indices) {
+                entries[index]
+            } else {
+                OPTION_1 // Default to the first configuration
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.dto
+
+data class WebDavConfig(
+    val baseUrl: String,
+    val username: String? = null,
+    val password: String? = null,
+    val remoteBasePath: String = "/",
+    val timeoutSeconds: Long = 30
+)
@@ -8,11 +8,9 @@ import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Bundle
 import android.widget.Toast
 import com.v2ray.ang.AngApplication
-import me.drakeet.support.toast.ToastCompat
-import org.json.JSONObject
+import es.dmoral.toasty.Toasty
 import java.io.Serializable
 import java.net.URI
-import java.net.URLConnection

 val Context.v2RayApplication: AngApplication?
    get() = applicationContext as? AngApplication
@@ -23,7 +21,7 @@ val Context.v2RayApplication: AngApplication?
 * @param message The resource ID of the message to show.
 */
 fun Context.toast(message: Int) {
-    ToastCompat.makeText(this, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+    Toasty.normal(this, message).show()
 }

 /**
@@ -32,25 +30,43 @@ fun Context.toast(message: Int) {
 * @param message The text of the message to show.
 */
 fun Context.toast(message: CharSequence) {
-    ToastCompat.makeText(this, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+    Toasty.normal(this, message).show()
 }

 /**
- * Puts a key-value pair into the JSONObject.
+ * Shows a toast message with the given resource ID.
 *
- * @param pair The key-value pair to put.
+ * @param message The resource ID of the message to show.
 */
-fun JSONObject.putOpt(pair: Pair<String, Any?>) {
-    put(pair.first, pair.second)
+fun Context.toastSuccess(message: Int) {
+    Toasty.success(this, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, true).show()
 }

 /**
- * Puts multiple key-value pairs into the JSONObject.
+ * Shows a toast message with the given text.
 *
- * @param pairs The map of key-value pairs to put.
+ * @param message The text of the message to show.
 */
-fun JSONObject.putOpt(pairs: Map<String, Any?>) {
-    pairs.forEach { put(it.key, it.value) }
+fun Context.toastSuccess(message: CharSequence) {
+    Toasty.success(this, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, true).show()
+}
+
+/**
+ * Shows a toast message with the given resource ID.
+ *
+ * @param message The resource ID of the message to show.
+ */
+fun Context.toastError(message: Int) {
+    Toasty.error(this, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, true).show()
+}
+
+/**
+ * Shows a toast message with the given text.
+ *
+ * @param message The text of the message to show.
+ */
+fun Context.toastError(message: CharSequence) {
+    Toasty.error(this, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, true).show()
 }

 const val THRESHOLD = 1000L
@@ -79,13 +95,6 @@ fun Long.toTrafficString(): String {
    return String.format("%.1f %s", size, units[unitIndex])
 }

-val URLConnection.responseLength: Long
-    get() = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
-        contentLengthLong
-    } else {
-        contentLength.toLong()
-    }
-
 val URI.idnHost: String
    get() = host?.replace("[", "")?.replace("]", "").orEmpty()

@@ -159,4 +168,17 @@ inline fun <reified T : Serializable> Intent.serializable(key: String): T? = whe
 *
 * @return True if the CharSequence is not null and not empty, false otherwise.
 */
-fun CharSequence?.isNotNullEmpty(): Boolean = (this != null && this.isNotEmpty())
+fun CharSequence?.isNotNullEmpty(): Boolean = !this.isNullOrBlank()
+
+fun String.concatUrl(vararg paths: String): String {
+    val builder = StringBuilder(this.trimEnd('/'))
+
+    paths.forEach { path ->
+        val trimmedPath = path.trim('/')
+        if (trimmedPath.isNotEmpty()) {
+            builder.append('/').append(trimmedPath)
+        }
+    }
+
+    return builder.toString()
+}
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ object CustomFmt : FmtBase() {
        val config = ProfileItem.create(EConfigType.CUSTOM)

        val fullConfig = JsonUtil.fromJson(str, V2rayConfig::class.java)
-        val outbound = fullConfig.getProxyOutbound()
+        val outbound = fullConfig?.getProxyOutbound()

        config.remarks = fullConfig?.remarks ?: System.currentTimeMillis().toString()
        config.server = outbound?.getServerAddress()
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.NetworkType
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.ProfileItem
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.isNotNullEmpty
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.util.HttpUtil
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
 import java.net.URI

@@ -18,15 +20,15 @@ open class FmtBase {
     */
    fun toUri(config: ProfileItem, userInfo: String?, dicQuery: HashMap<String, String>?): String {
        val query = if (dicQuery != null)
-            ("?" + dicQuery.toList().joinToString(
+            "?" + dicQuery.toList().joinToString(
                separator = "&",
-                transform = { it.first + "=" + Utils.urlEncode(it.second) }))
+                transform = { it.first + "=" + Utils.urlEncode(it.second) })
        else ""

        val url = String.format(
            "%s@%s:%s",
            Utils.urlEncode(userInfo ?: ""),
-            Utils.getIpv6Address(config.server),
+            Utils.getIpv6Address(HttpUtil.toIdnDomain(config.server.orEmpty())),
            config.serverPort
        )

@@ -70,17 +72,21 @@ open class FmtBase {
        if (config.security != AppConfig.TLS && config.security != AppConfig.REALITY) {
            config.security = null
        }
-        config.insecure = if (queryParam["allowInsecure"].isNullOrEmpty()) {
-            allowInsecure
-        } else {
-            queryParam["allowInsecure"].orEmpty() == "1"
+        // Support multiple possible query keys for allowInsecure like the C# implementation
+        val allowInsecureKeys = arrayOf("insecure", "allowInsecure", "allow_insecure")
+        config.insecure = when {
+            allowInsecureKeys.any { queryParam[it] == "1" } -> true
+            allowInsecureKeys.any { queryParam[it] == "0" } -> false
+            else -> allowInsecure
        }
        config.sni = queryParam["sni"]
        config.fingerPrint = queryParam["fp"]
        config.alpn = queryParam["alpn"]
+        config.echConfigList = queryParam["ech"]
        config.publicKey = queryParam["pbk"]
        config.shortId = queryParam["sid"]
        config.spiderX = queryParam["spx"]
+        config.mldsa65Verify = queryParam["pqv"]
        config.flow = queryParam["flow"]
    }

@@ -95,11 +101,19 @@ open class FmtBase {
        dicQuery["security"] = config.security?.ifEmpty { "none" }.orEmpty()
        config.sni.let { if (it.isNotNullEmpty()) dicQuery["sni"] = it.orEmpty() }
        config.alpn.let { if (it.isNotNullEmpty()) dicQuery["alpn"] = it.orEmpty() }
+        config.echConfigList.let { if (it.isNotNullEmpty()) dicQuery["ech"] = it.orEmpty() }
        config.fingerPrint.let { if (it.isNotNullEmpty()) dicQuery["fp"] = it.orEmpty() }
        config.publicKey.let { if (it.isNotNullEmpty()) dicQuery["pbk"] = it.orEmpty() }
        config.shortId.let { if (it.isNotNullEmpty()) dicQuery["sid"] = it.orEmpty() }
        config.spiderX.let { if (it.isNotNullEmpty()) dicQuery["spx"] = it.orEmpty() }
+        config.mldsa65Verify.let { if (it.isNotNullEmpty()) dicQuery["pqv"] = it.orEmpty() }
        config.flow.let { if (it.isNotNullEmpty()) dicQuery["flow"] = it.orEmpty() }
+        // Add two keys for compatibility: "insecure" and "allowInsecure"
+        if (config.security == AppConfig.TLS) {
+            val insecureFlag = if (config.insecure == true) "1" else "0"
+            dicQuery["insecure"] = insecureFlag
+            dicQuery["allowInsecure"] = insecureFlag
+        }

        val networkType = NetworkType.fromString(config.network)
        dicQuery["type"] = networkType.type
@@ -120,7 +134,7 @@ open class FmtBase {
                config.path.let { if (it.isNotNullEmpty()) dicQuery["path"] = it.orEmpty() }
            }

-             NetworkType.XHTTP -> {
+            NetworkType.XHTTP -> {
                config.host.let { if (it.isNotNullEmpty()) dicQuery["host"] = it.orEmpty() }
                config.path.let { if (it.isNotNullEmpty()) dicQuery["path"] = it.orEmpty() }
                config.xhttpMode.let { if (it.isNotNullEmpty()) dicQuery["mode"] = it.orEmpty() }
@@ -144,8 +158,27 @@ open class FmtBase {
                config.authority.let { if (it.isNotNullEmpty()) dicQuery["authority"] = it.orEmpty() }
                config.serviceName.let { if (it.isNotNullEmpty()) dicQuery["serviceName"] = it.orEmpty() }
            }
+
+            else -> {}
        }

        return dicQuery
    }
-}
+
+    fun getServerAddress(profileItem: ProfileItem): String {
+        if (Utils.isPureIpAddress(profileItem.server.orEmpty())) {
+            return profileItem.server.orEmpty()
+        }
+
+        val domain = HttpUtil.toIdnDomain(profileItem.server.orEmpty())
+        if (MmkvManager.decodeSettingsString(AppConfig.PREF_OUTBOUND_DOMAIN_RESOLVE_METHOD, "1") != "2") {
+            return domain
+        }
+        //Resolve and replace domain
+        val resolvedIps = HttpUtil.resolveHostToIP(domain, MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_PREFER_IPV6))
+        if (resolvedIps.isNullOrEmpty()) {
+            return domain
+        }
+        return resolvedIps.first()
+    }
+}
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import com.v2ray.ang.dto.EConfigType
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.ProfileItem
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.V2rayConfig.OutboundBean
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.isNotNullEmpty
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2rayConfigManager

 object HttpFmt : FmtBase() {
    /**
@@ -13,10 +14,10 @@ object HttpFmt : FmtBase() {
     * @return the converted OutboundBean object, or null if conversion fails
     */
    fun toOutbound(profileItem: ProfileItem): OutboundBean? {
-        val outboundBean = OutboundBean.create(EConfigType.HTTP)
+        val outboundBean = V2rayConfigManager.createInitOutbound(EConfigType.HTTP)

        outboundBean?.settings?.servers?.first()?.let { server ->
-            server.address = profileItem.server.orEmpty()
+            server.address = getServerAddress(profileItem)
            server.port = profileItem.serverPort.orEmpty().toInt()
            if (profileItem.username.isNotNullEmpty()) {
                val socksUsersBean = OutboundBean.OutSettingsBean.ServersBean.SocksUsersBean()
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 package com.v2ray.ang.fmt

 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
-import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.LOOPBACK
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.EConfigType
-import com.v2ray.ang.dto.Hysteria2Bean
+import com.v2ray.ang.dto.NetworkType
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.ProfileItem
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.V2rayConfig.OutboundBean
+import com.v2ray.ang.dto.V2rayConfig.OutboundBean.StreamSettingsBean
+import com.v2ray.ang.dto.V2rayConfig.OutboundBean.StreamSettingsBean.UdpMasksBean.UdpMasksSettingsBean
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.idnHost
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.isNotNullEmpty
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2rayConfigManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
 import java.net.URI

@@ -24,26 +26,24 @@ object Hysteria2Fmt : FmtBase() {
        val config = ProfileItem.create(EConfigType.HYSTERIA2)

        val uri = URI(Utils.fixIllegalUrl(str))
-        config.remarks = Utils.urlDecode(uri.fragment.orEmpty())
+        config.remarks = Utils.urlDecode(uri.fragment.orEmpty()).let { if (it.isEmpty()) "none" else it }
        config.server = uri.idnHost
        config.serverPort = uri.port.toString()
        config.password = uri.userInfo
        config.security = AppConfig.TLS
+        config.network = NetworkType.HYSTERIA.type

        if (!uri.rawQuery.isNullOrEmpty()) {
            val queryParam = getQueryParam(uri)

-            config.security = queryParam["security"] ?: AppConfig.TLS
-            config.insecure = if (queryParam["insecure"].isNullOrEmpty()) {
-                allowInsecure
-            } else {
-                queryParam["insecure"].orEmpty() == "1"
-            }
-            config.sni = queryParam["sni"]
-            config.alpn = queryParam["alpn"]
+            getItemFormQuery(config, queryParam, allowInsecure)

+            config.security = queryParam["security"] ?: AppConfig.TLS
            config.obfsPassword = queryParam["obfs-password"]
            config.portHopping = queryParam["mport"]
+            if (config.portHopping.isNotNullEmpty()) {
+                config.portHoppingInterval = queryParam["mportHopInt"]
+            }
            config.pinSHA256 = queryParam["pinSHA256"]

        }
@@ -72,6 +72,9 @@ object Hysteria2Fmt : FmtBase() {
        if (config.portHopping.isNotNullEmpty()) {
            dicQuery["mport"] = config.portHopping.orEmpty()
        }
+        if (config.portHoppingInterval.isNotNullEmpty()) {
+            dicQuery["mportHopInt"] = config.portHoppingInterval.orEmpty()
+        }
        if (config.pinSHA256.isNotNullEmpty()) {
            dicQuery["pinSHA256"] = config.pinSHA256.orEmpty()
        }
@@ -79,64 +82,6 @@ object Hysteria2Fmt : FmtBase() {
        return toUri(config, config.password, dicQuery)
    }

-    /**
-     * Converts a ProfileItem object to a Hysteria2Bean object.
-     *
-     * @param config the ProfileItem object to convert
-     * @param socksPort the port number for the socks5 proxy
-     * @return the converted Hysteria2Bean object, or null if conversion fails
-     */
-    fun toNativeConfig(config: ProfileItem, socksPort: Int): Hysteria2Bean? {
-
-        val obfs = if (config.obfsPassword.isNullOrEmpty()) null else
-            Hysteria2Bean.ObfsBean(
-                type = "salamander",
-                salamander = Hysteria2Bean.ObfsBean.SalamanderBean(
-                    password = config.obfsPassword
-                )
-            )
-
-        val transport = if (config.portHopping.isNullOrEmpty()) null else
-            Hysteria2Bean.TransportBean(
-                type = "udp",
-                udp = Hysteria2Bean.TransportBean.TransportUdpBean(
-                    hopInterval = (config.portHoppingInterval ?: "30") + "s"
-                )
-            )
-
-        val bandwidth = if (config.bandwidthDown.isNullOrEmpty() || config.bandwidthUp.isNullOrEmpty()) null else
-            Hysteria2Bean.BandwidthBean(
-                down = config.bandwidthDown,
-                up = config.bandwidthUp,
-            )
-
-        val server =
-            if (config.portHopping.isNullOrEmpty())
-                config.getServerAddressAndPort()
-            else
-                Utils.getIpv6Address(config.server) + ":" + config.portHopping
-
-        val bean = Hysteria2Bean(
-            server = server,
-            auth = config.password,
-            obfs = obfs,
-            transport = transport,
-            bandwidth = bandwidth,
-            socks5 = Hysteria2Bean.Socks5Bean(
-                listen = "$LOOPBACK:${socksPort}",
-            ),
-            http = Hysteria2Bean.Socks5Bean(
-                listen = "$LOOPBACK:${socksPort}",
-            ),
-            tls = Hysteria2Bean.TlsBean(
-                sni = config.sni ?: config.server,
-                insecure = config.insecure,
-                pinSHA256 = if (config.pinSHA256.isNullOrEmpty()) null else config.pinSHA256
-            )
-        )
-        return bean
-    }
-
    /**
     * Converts a ProfileItem object to an OutboundBean object.
     *
@@ -144,7 +89,33 @@ object Hysteria2Fmt : FmtBase() {
     * @return the converted OutboundBean object, or null if conversion fails
     */
    fun toOutbound(profileItem: ProfileItem): OutboundBean? {
-        val outboundBean = OutboundBean.create(EConfigType.HYSTERIA2)
+        val outboundBean = V2rayConfigManager.createInitOutbound(EConfigType.HYSTERIA2) ?: return null
+        profileItem.network = NetworkType.HYSTERIA.type
+        profileItem.alpn = "h3"
+
+        outboundBean.settings?.let { server ->
+            server.address = getServerAddress(profileItem)
+            server.port = profileItem.serverPort.orEmpty().toInt()
+        }
+
+        val sni = outboundBean.streamSettings?.let {
+            V2rayConfigManager.populateTransportSettings(it, profileItem)
+        }
+
+        outboundBean.streamSettings?.let {
+            V2rayConfigManager.populateTlsSettings(it, profileItem, sni)
+        }
+
+        if (profileItem.obfsPassword.isNotNullEmpty()) {
+            outboundBean.streamSettings?.udpmasks = mutableListOf(
+                StreamSettingsBean.UdpMasksBean(
+                    type = "salamander",
+                    settings = UdpMasksSettingsBean(
+                        password = profileItem.obfsPassword
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+        }
        return outboundBean
    }
 }
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 package com.v2ray.ang.fmt

+import android.util.Log
+import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.EConfigType
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.NetworkType
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.ProfileItem
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.V2rayConfig.OutboundBean
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.idnHost
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2rayConfigManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
 import java.net.URI

@@ -33,7 +36,7 @@ object ShadowsocksFmt : FmtBase() {
        if (uri.port <= 0) return null
        if (uri.userInfo.isNullOrEmpty()) return null

-        config.remarks = Utils.urlDecode(uri.fragment.orEmpty())
+        config.remarks = Utils.urlDecode(uri.fragment.orEmpty()).let { if (it.isEmpty()) "none" else it }
        config.server = uri.idnHost
        config.serverPort = uri.port.toString()

@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ object ShadowsocksFmt : FmtBase() {
                config.remarks =
                    Utils.urlDecode(result.substring(indexSplit + 1, result.length))
            } catch (e: Exception) {
-                e.printStackTrace()
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to decode remarks in SS legacy URL", e)
            }

            result = result.substring(0, indexSplit)
@@ -119,7 +122,7 @@ object ShadowsocksFmt : FmtBase() {
    fun toUri(config: ProfileItem): String {
        val pw = "${config.method}:${config.password}"

-        return toUri(config, Utils.encode(pw), null)
+        return toUri(config, Utils.encode(pw, true), null)
    }

    /**
@@ -129,38 +132,22 @@ object ShadowsocksFmt : FmtBase() {
     * @return the converted OutboundBean object, or null if conversion fails
     */
    fun toOutbound(profileItem: ProfileItem): OutboundBean? {
-        val outboundBean = OutboundBean.create(EConfigType.SHADOWSOCKS)
+        val outboundBean = V2rayConfigManager.createInitOutbound(EConfigType.SHADOWSOCKS)

        outboundBean?.settings?.servers?.first()?.let { server ->
-            server.address = profileItem.server.orEmpty()
+            server.address = getServerAddress(profileItem)
            server.port = profileItem.serverPort.orEmpty().toInt()
            server.password = profileItem.password
            server.method = profileItem.method
        }

-        val sni = outboundBean?.streamSettings?.populateTransportSettings(
-            profileItem.network.orEmpty(),
-            profileItem.headerType,
-            profileItem.host,
-            profileItem.path,
-            profileItem.seed,
-            profileItem.quicSecurity,
-            profileItem.quicKey,
-            profileItem.mode,
-            profileItem.serviceName,
-            profileItem.authority,
-        )
+        val sni = outboundBean?.streamSettings?.let {
+            V2rayConfigManager.populateTransportSettings(it, profileItem)
+        }

-        outboundBean?.streamSettings?.populateTlsSettings(
-            profileItem.security.orEmpty(),
-            profileItem.insecure == true,
-            if (profileItem.sni.isNullOrEmpty()) sni else profileItem.sni,
-            profileItem.fingerPrint,
-            profileItem.alpn,
-            profileItem.publicKey,
-            profileItem.shortId,
-            profileItem.spiderX,
-        )
+        outboundBean?.streamSettings?.let {
+            V2rayConfigManager.populateTlsSettings(it, profileItem, sni)
+        }

        return outboundBean
    }
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import com.v2ray.ang.dto.ProfileItem
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.V2rayConfig.OutboundBean
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.idnHost
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.isNotNullEmpty
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2rayConfigManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
 import java.net.URI

@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ object SocksFmt : FmtBase() {
        if (uri.idnHost.isEmpty()) return null
        if (uri.port <= 0) return null

-        config.remarks = Utils.urlDecode(uri.fragment.orEmpty())
+        config.remarks = Utils.urlDecode(uri.fragment.orEmpty()).let { if (it.isEmpty()) "none" else it }
        config.server = uri.idnHost
        config.serverPort = uri.port.toString()

@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ object SocksFmt : FmtBase() {
            else
                ":"

-        return toUri(config, Utils.encode(pw), null)
+        return toUri(config, Utils.encode(pw, true), null)
    }

    /**
@@ -60,10 +61,10 @@ object SocksFmt : FmtBase() {
     * @return the converted OutboundBean object, or null if conversion fails
     */
    fun toOutbound(profileItem: ProfileItem): OutboundBean? {
-        val outboundBean = OutboundBean.create(EConfigType.SOCKS)
+        val outboundBean = V2rayConfigManager.createInitOutbound(EConfigType.SOCKS)

        outboundBean?.settings?.servers?.first()?.let { server ->
-            server.address = profileItem.server.orEmpty()
+            server.address = getServerAddress(profileItem)
            server.port = profileItem.serverPort.orEmpty().toInt()
            if (profileItem.username.isNotNullEmpty()) {
                val socksUsersBean = OutboundBean.OutSettingsBean.ServersBean.SocksUsersBean()
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import com.v2ray.ang.dto.ProfileItem
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.V2rayConfig.OutboundBean
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.idnHost
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2rayConfigManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
 import java.net.URI

@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ object TrojanFmt : FmtBase() {
        val config = ProfileItem.create(EConfigType.TROJAN)

        val uri = URI(Utils.fixIllegalUrl(str))
-        config.remarks = Utils.urlDecode(uri.fragment.orEmpty())
+        config.remarks = Utils.urlDecode(uri.fragment.orEmpty()).let { if (it.isEmpty()) "none" else it }
        config.server = uri.idnHost
        config.serverPort = uri.port.toString()
        config.password = uri.userInfo
@@ -60,38 +61,22 @@ object TrojanFmt : FmtBase() {
     * @return the converted OutboundBean object, or null if conversion fails
     */
    fun toOutbound(profileItem: ProfileItem): OutboundBean? {
-        val outboundBean = OutboundBean.create(EConfigType.TROJAN)
+        val outboundBean = V2rayConfigManager.createInitOutbound(EConfigType.TROJAN)

        outboundBean?.settings?.servers?.first()?.let { server ->
-            server.address = profileItem.server.orEmpty()
+            server.address = getServerAddress(profileItem)
            server.port = profileItem.serverPort.orEmpty().toInt()
            server.password = profileItem.password
            server.flow = profileItem.flow
        }

-        val sni = outboundBean?.streamSettings?.populateTransportSettings(
-            profileItem.network.orEmpty(),
-            profileItem.headerType,
-            profileItem.host,
-            profileItem.path,
-            profileItem.seed,
-            profileItem.quicSecurity,
-            profileItem.quicKey,
-            profileItem.mode,
-            profileItem.serviceName,
-            profileItem.authority,
-        )
+        val sni = outboundBean?.streamSettings?.let {
+            V2rayConfigManager.populateTransportSettings(it, profileItem)
+        }

-        outboundBean?.streamSettings?.populateTlsSettings(
-            profileItem.security.orEmpty(),
-            profileItem.insecure == true,
-            if (profileItem.sni.isNullOrEmpty()) sni else profileItem.sni,
-            profileItem.fingerPrint,
-            profileItem.alpn,
-            profileItem.publicKey,
-            profileItem.shortId,
-            profileItem.spiderX,
-        )
+        outboundBean?.streamSettings?.let {
+            V2rayConfigManager.populateTlsSettings(it, profileItem, sni)
+        }

        return outboundBean
    }
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import com.v2ray.ang.dto.ProfileItem
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.V2rayConfig.OutboundBean
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.idnHost
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager
-import com.v2ray.ang.util.JsonUtil
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2rayConfigManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
 import java.net.URI

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ object VlessFmt : FmtBase() {
        if (uri.rawQuery.isNullOrEmpty()) return null
        val queryParam = getQueryParam(uri)

-        config.remarks = Utils.urlDecode(uri.fragment.orEmpty())
+        config.remarks = Utils.urlDecode(uri.fragment.orEmpty()).let { if (it.isEmpty()) "none" else it }
        config.server = uri.idnHost
        config.serverPort = uri.port.toString()
        config.password = uri.userInfo
@@ -57,41 +57,23 @@ object VlessFmt : FmtBase() {
     * @return the converted OutboundBean object, or null if conversion fails
     */
    fun toOutbound(profileItem: ProfileItem): OutboundBean? {
-        val outboundBean = OutboundBean.create(EConfigType.VLESS)
+        val outboundBean = V2rayConfigManager.createInitOutbound(EConfigType.VLESS)

        outboundBean?.settings?.vnext?.first()?.let { vnext ->
-            vnext.address = profileItem.server.orEmpty()
+            vnext.address = getServerAddress(profileItem)
            vnext.port = profileItem.serverPort.orEmpty().toInt()
            vnext.users[0].id = profileItem.password.orEmpty()
            vnext.users[0].encryption = profileItem.method
            vnext.users[0].flow = profileItem.flow
        }

-        val sni = outboundBean?.streamSettings?.populateTransportSettings(
-            profileItem.network.orEmpty(),
-            profileItem.headerType,
-            profileItem.host,
-            profileItem.path,
-            profileItem.seed,
-            profileItem.quicSecurity,
-            profileItem.quicKey,
-            profileItem.mode,
-            profileItem.serviceName,
-            profileItem.authority,
-        )
-        outboundBean?.streamSettings?.xhttpSettings?.mode = profileItem.xhttpMode
-        outboundBean?.streamSettings?.xhttpSettings?.extra = JsonUtil.parseString(profileItem.xhttpExtra)
+        val sni = outboundBean?.streamSettings?.let {
+            V2rayConfigManager.populateTransportSettings(it, profileItem)
+        }

-        outboundBean?.streamSettings?.populateTlsSettings(
-            profileItem.security.orEmpty(),
-            profileItem.insecure == true,
-            if (profileItem.sni.isNullOrEmpty()) sni else profileItem.sni,
-            profileItem.fingerPrint,
-            profileItem.alpn,
-            profileItem.publicKey,
-            profileItem.shortId,
-            profileItem.spiderX,
-        )
+        outboundBean?.streamSettings?.let {
+            V2rayConfigManager.populateTlsSettings(it, profileItem, sni)
+        }

        return outboundBean
    }
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import com.v2ray.ang.dto.VmessQRCode
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.idnHost
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.isNotNullEmpty
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2rayConfigManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.JsonUtil
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
 import java.net.URI
@@ -27,23 +28,23 @@ object VmessFmt : FmtBase() {
            return parseVmessStd(str)
        }

-        var allowInsecure = MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_ALLOW_INSECURE, false)
+        val allowInsecure = MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_ALLOW_INSECURE, false)
        val config = ProfileItem.create(EConfigType.VMESS)

        var result = str.replace(EConfigType.VMESS.protocolScheme, "")
        result = Utils.decode(result)
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(result)) {
-            Log.d(AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE, "R.string.toast_decoding_failed")
+            Log.w(AppConfig.TAG, "Toast decoding failed")
            return null
        }
-        val vmessQRCode = JsonUtil.fromJson(result, VmessQRCode::class.java)
+        val vmessQRCode = JsonUtil.fromJson(result, VmessQRCode::class.java) ?: return null
        // Although VmessQRCode fields are non null, looks like Gson may still create null fields
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(vmessQRCode.add)
            || TextUtils.isEmpty(vmessQRCode.port)
            || TextUtils.isEmpty(vmessQRCode.id)
            || TextUtils.isEmpty(vmessQRCode.net)
        ) {
-            Log.d(AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE, "R.string.toast_incorrect_protocol")
+            Log.w(AppConfig.TAG, "Toast incorrect protocol")
            return null
        }

@@ -51,9 +52,13 @@ object VmessFmt : FmtBase() {
        config.server = vmessQRCode.add
        config.serverPort = vmessQRCode.port
        config.password = vmessQRCode.id
-        config.method = if (TextUtils.isEmpty(vmessQRCode.scy)) AppConfig.DEFAULT_SECURITY else vmessQRCode.scy
+        config.method =
+            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(vmessQRCode.scy)) AppConfig.DEFAULT_SECURITY else vmessQRCode.scy

-        config.network = vmessQRCode.net ?: NetworkType.TCP.type
+        config.network = vmessQRCode.net
+        if (config.network.isNullOrEmpty()) {
+            config.network = NetworkType.TCP.type
+        }
        config.headerType = vmessQRCode.type
        config.host = vmessQRCode.host
        config.path = vmessQRCode.path
@@ -73,15 +78,19 @@ object VmessFmt : FmtBase() {
                config.serviceName = vmessQRCode.path
                config.authority = vmessQRCode.host
            }
+
            else -> {}
        }

        config.security = vmessQRCode.tls
-        config.insecure = allowInsecure
        config.sni = vmessQRCode.sni
        config.fingerPrint = vmessQRCode.fp
        config.alpn = vmessQRCode.alpn
-
+        config.insecure = when (vmessQRCode.insecure) {
+            "1" -> true
+            "0" -> false
+            else -> allowInsecure
+        }
        return config
    }

@@ -119,6 +128,7 @@ object VmessFmt : FmtBase() {
                vmessQRCode.path = config.serviceName.orEmpty()
                vmessQRCode.host = config.authority.orEmpty()
            }
+
            else -> {}
        }

@@ -129,6 +139,11 @@ object VmessFmt : FmtBase() {
        vmessQRCode.sni = config.sni.orEmpty()
        vmessQRCode.fp = config.fingerPrint.orEmpty()
        vmessQRCode.alpn = config.alpn.orEmpty()
+        vmessQRCode.insecure = when (config.insecure) {
+            true -> "1"
+            false -> "0"
+            else -> ""
+        }

        val json = JsonUtil.toJson(vmessQRCode)
        return Utils.encode(json)
@@ -148,7 +163,7 @@ object VmessFmt : FmtBase() {
        if (uri.rawQuery.isNullOrEmpty()) return null
        val queryParam = getQueryParam(uri)

-        config.remarks = Utils.urlDecode(uri.fragment.orEmpty())
+        config.remarks = Utils.urlDecode(uri.fragment.orEmpty()).let { if (it.isEmpty()) "none" else it }
        config.server = uri.idnHost
        config.serverPort = uri.port.toString()
        config.password = uri.userInfo
@@ -166,38 +181,22 @@ object VmessFmt : FmtBase() {
     * @return the converted OutboundBean object, or null if conversion fails
     */
    fun toOutbound(profileItem: ProfileItem): OutboundBean? {
-        val outboundBean = OutboundBean.create(EConfigType.VMESS)
+        val outboundBean = V2rayConfigManager.createInitOutbound(EConfigType.VMESS)

        outboundBean?.settings?.vnext?.first()?.let { vnext ->
-            vnext.address = profileItem.server.orEmpty()
+            vnext.address = getServerAddress(profileItem)
            vnext.port = profileItem.serverPort.orEmpty().toInt()
            vnext.users[0].id = profileItem.password.orEmpty()
            vnext.users[0].security = profileItem.method
        }

-        val sni = outboundBean?.streamSettings?.populateTransportSettings(
-            profileItem.network.orEmpty(),
-            profileItem.headerType,
-            profileItem.host,
-            profileItem.path,
-            profileItem.seed,
-            profileItem.quicSecurity,
-            profileItem.quicKey,
-            profileItem.mode,
-            profileItem.serviceName,
-            profileItem.authority,
-        )
+        val sni = outboundBean?.streamSettings?.let {
+            V2rayConfigManager.populateTransportSettings(it, profileItem)
+        }

-        outboundBean?.streamSettings?.populateTlsSettings(
-            profileItem.security.orEmpty(),
-            profileItem.insecure == true,
-            if (profileItem.sni.isNullOrEmpty()) sni else profileItem.sni,
-            profileItem.fingerPrint,
-            profileItem.alpn,
-            null,
-            null,
-            null
-        )
+        outboundBean?.streamSettings?.let {
+            V2rayConfigManager.populateTlsSettings(it, profileItem, sni)
+        }

        return outboundBean
    }
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import com.v2ray.ang.dto.ProfileItem
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.V2rayConfig.OutboundBean
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.idnHost
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.removeWhiteSpace
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2rayConfigManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
 import java.net.URI

@@ -24,16 +25,16 @@ object WireguardFmt : FmtBase() {
        if (uri.rawQuery.isNullOrEmpty()) return null
        val queryParam = getQueryParam(uri)

-        config.remarks = Utils.urlDecode(uri.fragment.orEmpty())
+        config.remarks = Utils.urlDecode(uri.fragment.orEmpty()).let { if (it.isEmpty()) "none" else it }
        config.server = uri.idnHost
        config.serverPort = uri.port.toString()

        config.secretKey = uri.userInfo.orEmpty()
-        config.localAddress = (queryParam["address"] ?: WIREGUARD_LOCAL_ADDRESS_V4)
+        config.localAddress = queryParam["address"] ?: WIREGUARD_LOCAL_ADDRESS_V4
        config.publicKey = queryParam["publickey"].orEmpty()
-        config.preSharedKey = queryParam["presharedkey"].orEmpty()
+        config.preSharedKey = queryParam["presharedkey"]?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
        config.mtu = Utils.parseInt(queryParam["mtu"] ?: AppConfig.WIREGUARD_LOCAL_MTU)
-        config.reserved = (queryParam["reserved"] ?: "0,0,0")
+        config.reserved = queryParam["reserved"] ?: "0,0,0"

        return config
    }
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ object WireguardFmt : FmtBase() {
        config.localAddress = interfaceParams["address"] ?: WIREGUARD_LOCAL_ADDRESS_V4
        config.mtu = Utils.parseInt(interfaceParams["mtu"] ?: AppConfig.WIREGUARD_LOCAL_MTU)
        config.publicKey = peerParams["publickey"].orEmpty()
-        config.preSharedKey = peerParams["presharedkey"].orEmpty()
+        config.preSharedKey = peerParams["presharedkey"]?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
        val endpoint = peerParams["endpoint"].orEmpty()
        val endpointParts = endpoint.split(":", limit = 2)
        if (endpointParts.size == 2) {
@@ -105,18 +106,18 @@ object WireguardFmt : FmtBase() {
     * @return the converted OutboundBean object, or null if conversion fails
     */
    fun toOutbound(profileItem: ProfileItem): OutboundBean? {
-        val outboundBean = OutboundBean.create(EConfigType.WIREGUARD)
+        val outboundBean = V2rayConfigManager.createInitOutbound(EConfigType.WIREGUARD)

        outboundBean?.settings?.let { wireguard ->
            wireguard.secretKey = profileItem.secretKey
            wireguard.address = (profileItem.localAddress ?: WIREGUARD_LOCAL_ADDRESS_V4).split(",")
            wireguard.peers?.firstOrNull()?.let { peer ->
                peer.publicKey = profileItem.publicKey.orEmpty()
-                peer.preSharedKey = profileItem.preSharedKey.orEmpty()
+                peer.preSharedKey = profileItem.preSharedKey?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
                peer.endpoint = Utils.getIpv6Address(profileItem.server) + ":${profileItem.serverPort}"
            }
            wireguard.mtu = profileItem.mtu
-            wireguard.reserved = profileItem.reserved?.split(",")?.map { it.toInt() }
+            wireguard.reserved = profileItem.reserved?.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() }?.split(",")?.filter { it.isNotBlank() }?.map { it.trim().toInt() }
        }

        return outboundBean
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ import android.util.Log
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.HY2
 import com.v2ray.ang.R
-import com.v2ray.ang.dto.*
+import com.v2ray.ang.dto.EConfigType
+import com.v2ray.ang.dto.ProfileItem
+import com.v2ray.ang.dto.SubscriptionItem
 import com.v2ray.ang.fmt.CustomFmt
 import com.v2ray.ang.fmt.Hysteria2Fmt
 import com.v2ray.ang.fmt.ShadowsocksFmt
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ object AngConfigManager {
            Utils.setClipboard(context, conf)

        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to share config to clipboard", e)
            return -1
        }
        return 0
@@ -69,9 +71,9 @@ object AngConfigManager {
            if (sb.count() > 0) {
                Utils.setClipboard(context, sb.toString())
            }
-            return sb.lines().count()
+            return sb.lines().count() - 1
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to share non-custom configs to clipboard", e)
            return -1
        }
    }
@@ -91,7 +93,7 @@ object AngConfigManager {
            return QRCodeDecoder.createQRCode(conf)

        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to share config as QR code", e)
            return null
        }
    }
@@ -108,19 +110,12 @@ object AngConfigManager {
            if (guid == null) return -1
            val result = V2rayConfigManager.getV2rayConfig(context, guid)
            if (result.status) {
-                val config = MmkvManager.decodeServerConfig(guid)
-                if (config?.configType == EConfigType.HYSTERIA2) {
-                    val socksPort = Utils.findFreePort(listOf(100 + SettingsManager.getSocksPort(), 0))
-                    val hy2Config = Hysteria2Fmt.toNativeConfig(config, socksPort)
-                    Utils.setClipboard(context, JsonUtil.toJsonPretty(hy2Config) + "\n" + result.content)
-                    return 0
-                }
                Utils.setClipboard(context, result.content)
            } else {
                return -1
            }
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to share full content to clipboard", e)
            return -1
        }
        return 0
@@ -146,9 +141,11 @@ object AngConfigManager {
                EConfigType.TROJAN -> TrojanFmt.toUri(config)
                EConfigType.WIREGUARD -> WireguardFmt.toUri(config)
                EConfigType.HYSTERIA2 -> Hysteria2Fmt.toUri(config)
+                EConfigType.POLICYGROUP -> ""
+                else -> {}
            }
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to share config for GUID: $guid", e)
            return ""
        }
    }
@@ -203,7 +200,7 @@ object AngConfigManager {
                }
            return count
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to parse batch subscription", e)
        }
        return 0
    }
@@ -251,7 +248,7 @@ object AngConfigManager {
                }
            return count
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to parse batch config", e)
        }
        return 0
    }
@@ -273,7 +270,7 @@ object AngConfigManager {
        ) {
            try {
                val serverList: Array<Any> =
-                    JsonUtil.fromJson(server, Array<Any>::class.java)
+                    JsonUtil.fromJson(server, Array<Any>::class.java)?: arrayOf()

                if (serverList.isNotEmpty()) {
                    var count = 0
@@ -287,7 +284,7 @@ object AngConfigManager {
                    return count
                }
            } catch (e: Exception) {
-                e.printStackTrace()
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to parse custom config server JSON array", e)
            }

            try {
@@ -298,7 +295,7 @@ object AngConfigManager {
                MmkvManager.encodeServerRaw(key, server)
                return 1
            } catch (e: Exception) {
-                e.printStackTrace()
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to parse custom config server as single config", e)
            }
            return 0
        } else if (server.startsWith("[Interface]") && server.contains("[Peer]")) {
@@ -308,7 +305,7 @@ object AngConfigManager {
                MmkvManager.encodeServerRaw(key, server)
                return 1
            } catch (e: Exception) {
-                e.printStackTrace()
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to parse WireGuard config file", e)
            }
            return 0
        } else {
@@ -372,7 +369,7 @@ object AngConfigManager {
                MmkvManager.setSelectServer(guid)
            }
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to parse config", e)
            return -1
        }
        return 0
@@ -390,7 +387,7 @@ object AngConfigManager {
                count += updateConfigViaSub(it)
            }
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to update config via all subscriptions", e)
            return 0
        }
        return count
@@ -413,34 +410,45 @@ object AngConfigManager {
            if (!it.second.enabled) {
                return 0
            }
-            val url = HttpUtil.idnToASCII(it.second.url)
+            val url = HttpUtil.toIdnUrl(it.second.url)
            if (!Utils.isValidUrl(url)) {
                return 0
            }
-            Log.d(AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE, url)
+            if (!it.second.allowInsecureUrl) {
+                if (!Utils.isValidSubUrl(url)) {
+                    return 0
+                }
+            }
+            Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, url)
+            val userAgent = it.second.userAgent

            var configText = try {
                val httpPort = SettingsManager.getHttpPort()
-                HttpUtil.getUrlContentWithUserAgent(url, 15000, httpPort)
+                HttpUtil.getUrlContentWithUserAgent(url, userAgent, 15000, httpPort)
            } catch (e: Exception) {
-                Log.e(AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE, "Update subscription: proxy not ready or other error, try……")
-                //e.printStackTrace()
+                Log.e(AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE, "Update subscription: proxy not ready or other error", e)
                ""
            }
            if (configText.isEmpty()) {
                configText = try {
-                    HttpUtil.getUrlContentWithUserAgent(url)
+                    HttpUtil.getUrlContentWithUserAgent(url, userAgent)
                } catch (e: Exception) {
-                    e.printStackTrace()
+                    Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Update subscription: Failed to get URL content with user agent", e)
                    ""
                }
            }
            if (configText.isEmpty()) {
                return 0
            }
-            return parseConfigViaSub(configText, it.first, false)
+            val count = parseConfigViaSub(configText, it.first, false)
+            if (count > 0) {
+                it.second.lastUpdated = System.currentTimeMillis()
+                MmkvManager.encodeSubscription(it.first, it.second)
+                Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "Subscription updated: ${it.second.remarks}, $count configs")
+            }
+            return count
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to update config via subscription", e)
            return 0
        }
    }
@@ -1,243 +0,0 @@
-package com.v2ray.ang.handler
-
-import android.util.Log
-import com.tencent.mmkv.MMKV
-import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
-import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE
-import com.v2ray.ang.dto.EConfigType
-import com.v2ray.ang.dto.NetworkType
-import com.v2ray.ang.dto.ProfileItem
-import com.v2ray.ang.dto.ServerConfig
-import com.v2ray.ang.extension.removeWhiteSpace
-import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager.decodeServerConfig
-import com.v2ray.ang.util.JsonUtil
-
-object MigrateManager {
-    private const val ID_SERVER_CONFIG = "SERVER_CONFIG"
-    private val serverStorage by lazy { MMKV.mmkvWithID(ID_SERVER_CONFIG, MMKV.MULTI_PROCESS_MODE) }
-
-    /**
-     * Migrates server configurations to profile items.
-     *
-     * @return True if migration was successful, false otherwise.
-     */
-    fun migrateServerConfig2Profile(): Boolean {
-        if (serverStorage.count().toInt() == 0) {
-            return false
-        }
-        val serverList = serverStorage.allKeys() ?: return false
-        Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, "migrateServerConfig2Profile-" + serverList.count())
-
-        for (guid in serverList) {
-            var configOld = decodeServerConfigOld(guid) ?: continue
-            var config = decodeServerConfig(guid)
-            if (config != null) {
-                serverStorage.remove(guid)
-                continue
-            }
-            config = migrateServerConfig2ProfileSub(configOld) ?: continue
-            config.subscriptionId = configOld.subscriptionId
-
-            MmkvManager.encodeServerConfig(guid, config)
-
-            //check and remove old
-            decodeServerConfig(guid) ?: continue
-            serverStorage.remove(guid)
-            Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, "migrateServerConfig2Profile-" + config.remarks)
-        }
-        Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, "migrateServerConfig2Profile-end")
-        return true
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Migrates a server configuration to a profile item.
-     *
-     * @param configOld The old server configuration.
-     * @return The profile item.
-     */
-    private fun migrateServerConfig2ProfileSub(configOld: ServerConfig): ProfileItem? {
-        return when (configOld.getProxyOutbound()?.protocol) {
-            EConfigType.VMESS.name.lowercase() -> migrate2ProfileCommon(configOld)
-            EConfigType.VLESS.name.lowercase() -> migrate2ProfileCommon(configOld)
-            EConfigType.TROJAN.name.lowercase() -> migrate2ProfileCommon(configOld)
-            EConfigType.SHADOWSOCKS.name.lowercase() -> migrate2ProfileCommon(configOld)
-
-            EConfigType.SOCKS.name.lowercase() -> migrate2ProfileSocks(configOld)
-            EConfigType.HTTP.name.lowercase() -> migrate2ProfileHttp(configOld)
-            EConfigType.WIREGUARD.name.lowercase() -> migrate2ProfileWireguard(configOld)
-            EConfigType.HYSTERIA2.name.lowercase() -> migrate2ProfileHysteria2(configOld)
-
-            EConfigType.CUSTOM.name.lowercase() -> migrate2ProfileCustom(configOld)
-
-            else -> null
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Migrates a common server configuration to a profile item.
-     *
-     * @param configOld The old server configuration.
-     * @return The profile item.
-     */
-    private fun migrate2ProfileCommon(configOld: ServerConfig): ProfileItem? {
-        val config = ProfileItem.create(configOld.configType)
-
-        val outbound = configOld.getProxyOutbound() ?: return null
-        config.remarks = configOld.remarks
-        config.server = outbound.getServerAddress()
-        config.serverPort = outbound.getServerPort().toString()
-        config.method = outbound.getSecurityEncryption()
-        config.password = outbound.getPassword()
-        config.flow = outbound?.settings?.vnext?.first()?.users?.first()?.flow ?: outbound?.settings?.servers?.first()?.flow
-
-        config.network = outbound?.streamSettings?.network ?: NetworkType.TCP.type
-        outbound.getTransportSettingDetails()?.let { transportDetails ->
-            config.headerType = transportDetails[0].orEmpty()
-            config.host = transportDetails[1].orEmpty()
-            config.path = transportDetails[2].orEmpty()
-        }
-
-        config.seed = outbound?.streamSettings?.kcpSettings?.seed
-        config.quicSecurity = outbound?.streamSettings?.quicSettings?.security
-        config.quicKey = outbound?.streamSettings?.quicSettings?.key
-        config.mode = if (outbound?.streamSettings?.grpcSettings?.multiMode == true) "multi" else "gun"
-        config.serviceName = outbound?.streamSettings?.grpcSettings?.serviceName
-        config.authority = outbound?.streamSettings?.grpcSettings?.authority
-
-        config.security = outbound.streamSettings?.security
-        val tlsSettings = outbound?.streamSettings?.realitySettings ?: outbound?.streamSettings?.tlsSettings
-        config.insecure = tlsSettings?.allowInsecure
-        config.sni = tlsSettings?.serverName
-        config.fingerPrint = tlsSettings?.fingerprint
-        config.alpn = tlsSettings?.alpn?.joinToString(",").removeWhiteSpace().toString()
-
-        config.publicKey = tlsSettings?.publicKey
-        config.shortId = tlsSettings?.shortId
-        config.spiderX = tlsSettings?.spiderX
-
-        return config
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Migrates a SOCKS server configuration to a profile item.
-     *
-     * @param configOld The old server configuration.
-     * @return The profile item.
-     */
-    private fun migrate2ProfileSocks(configOld: ServerConfig): ProfileItem? {
-        val config = ProfileItem.create(EConfigType.SOCKS)
-
-        val outbound = configOld.getProxyOutbound() ?: return null
-        config.remarks = configOld.remarks
-        config.server = outbound.getServerAddress()
-        config.serverPort = outbound.getServerPort().toString()
-        config.username = outbound.settings?.servers?.first()?.users?.first()?.user
-        config.password = outbound.getPassword()
-
-        return config
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Migrates an HTTP server configuration to a profile item.
-     *
-     * @param configOld The old server configuration.
-     * @return The profile item.
-     */
-    private fun migrate2ProfileHttp(configOld: ServerConfig): ProfileItem? {
-        val config = ProfileItem.create(EConfigType.HTTP)
-
-        val outbound = configOld.getProxyOutbound() ?: return null
-        config.remarks = configOld.remarks
-        config.server = outbound.getServerAddress()
-        config.serverPort = outbound.getServerPort().toString()
-        config.username = outbound.settings?.servers?.first()?.users?.first()?.user
-        config.password = outbound.getPassword()
-
-        return config
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Migrates a WireGuard server configuration to a profile item.
-     *
-     * @param configOld The old server configuration.
-     * @return The profile item.
-     */
-    private fun migrate2ProfileWireguard(configOld: ServerConfig): ProfileItem? {
-        val config = ProfileItem.create(EConfigType.WIREGUARD)
-
-        val outbound = configOld.getProxyOutbound() ?: return null
-        config.remarks = configOld.remarks
-        config.server = outbound.getServerAddress()
-        config.serverPort = outbound.getServerPort().toString()
-
-        outbound.settings?.let { wireguard ->
-            config.secretKey = wireguard.secretKey
-            config.localAddress =  (wireguard.address as List<*>).joinToString(",").removeWhiteSpace().toString()
-            config.publicKey = wireguard.peers?.getOrNull(0)?.publicKey
-            config.mtu = wireguard.mtu
-            config.reserved = wireguard.reserved?.joinToString(",").removeWhiteSpace().toString()
-        }
-        return config
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Migrates a Hysteria2 server configuration to a profile item.
-     *
-     * @param configOld The old server configuration.
-     * @return The profile item.
-     */
-    private fun migrate2ProfileHysteria2(configOld: ServerConfig): ProfileItem? {
-        val config = ProfileItem.create(EConfigType.HYSTERIA2)
-
-        val outbound = configOld.getProxyOutbound() ?: return null
-        config.remarks = configOld.remarks
-        config.server = outbound.getServerAddress()
-        config.serverPort = outbound.getServerPort().toString()
-        config.password = outbound.getPassword()
-
-        config.security = AppConfig.TLS
-        outbound.streamSettings?.tlsSettings?.let { tlsSetting ->
-            config.insecure = tlsSetting.allowInsecure
-            config.sni = tlsSetting.serverName
-            config.alpn = tlsSetting.alpn?.joinToString(",").removeWhiteSpace().orEmpty()
-
-        }
-        config.obfsPassword = outbound.settings?.obfsPassword
-
-        return config
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Migrates a custom server configuration to a profile item.
-     *
-     * @param configOld The old server configuration.
-     * @return The profile item.
-     */
-    private fun migrate2ProfileCustom(configOld: ServerConfig): ProfileItem? {
-        val config = ProfileItem.create(EConfigType.CUSTOM)
-
-        val outbound = configOld.getProxyOutbound() ?: return null
-        config.remarks = configOld.remarks
-        config.server = outbound.getServerAddress()
-        config.serverPort = outbound.getServerPort().toString()
-
-        return config
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Decodes the old server configuration.
-     *
-     * @param guid The server GUID.
-     * @return The old server configuration.
-     */
-    private fun decodeServerConfigOld(guid: String): ServerConfig? {
-        if (guid.isBlank()) {
-            return null
-        }
-        val json = serverStorage.decodeString(guid)
-        if (json.isNullOrBlank()) {
-            return null
-        }
-        return JsonUtil.fromJson(json, ServerConfig::class.java)
-    }
-}
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import com.v2ray.ang.dto.ProfileItem
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.RulesetItem
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.ServerAffiliationInfo
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.SubscriptionItem
+import com.v2ray.ang.dto.WebDavConfig
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.JsonUtil
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils

@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ object MmkvManager {
    private const val KEY_SELECTED_SERVER = "SELECTED_SERVER"
    private const val KEY_ANG_CONFIGS = "ANG_CONFIGS"
    private const val KEY_SUB_IDS = "SUB_IDS"
+    private const val KEY_WEBDAV_CONFIG = "WEBDAV_CONFIG"

    //private val profileStorage by lazy { MMKV.mmkvWithID(ID_PROFILE_CONFIG, MMKV.MULTI_PROCESS_MODE) }
    private val mainStorage by lazy { MMKV.mmkvWithID(ID_MAIN, MMKV.MULTI_PROCESS_MODE) }
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ object MmkvManager {
        return if (json.isNullOrBlank()) {
            mutableListOf()
        } else {
-            JsonUtil.fromJson(json, Array<String>::class.java).toMutableList()
+            JsonUtil.fromJson(json, Array<String>::class.java)?.toMutableList() ?: mutableListOf()
        }
    }

@@ -314,7 +316,8 @@ object MmkvManager {
        decodeSubsList().forEach { key ->
            val json = subStorage.decodeString(key)
            if (!json.isNullOrBlank()) {
-                subscriptions.add(Pair(key, JsonUtil.fromJson(json, SubscriptionItem::class.java)))
+                val item = JsonUtil.fromJson(json, SubscriptionItem::class.java)?: SubscriptionItem()
+                subscriptions.add(Pair(key, item))
            }
        }
        return subscriptions
@@ -381,7 +384,7 @@ object MmkvManager {
        return if (json.isNullOrBlank()) {
            mutableListOf()
        } else {
-            JsonUtil.fromJson(json, Array<String>::class.java).toMutableList()
+            JsonUtil.fromJson(json, Array<String>::class.java)?.toMutableList()?: mutableListOf()
        }
    }

@@ -399,7 +402,8 @@ object MmkvManager {
        assetStorage.allKeys()?.forEach { key ->
            val json = assetStorage.decodeString(key)
            if (!json.isNullOrBlank()) {
-                assetUrlItems.add(Pair(key, JsonUtil.fromJson(json, AssetUrlItem::class.java)))
+                val item = JsonUtil.fromJson(json, AssetUrlItem::class.java)?: AssetUrlItem()
+                assetUrlItems.add(Pair(key, item))
            }
        }
        return assetUrlItems.sortedBy { (_, value) -> value.addedTime }
@@ -448,7 +452,7 @@ object MmkvManager {
    fun decodeRoutingRulesets(): MutableList<RulesetItem>? {
        val ruleset = settingsStorage.decodeString(PREF_ROUTING_RULESET)
        if (ruleset.isNullOrEmpty()) return null
-        return JsonUtil.fromJson(ruleset, Array<RulesetItem>::class.java).toMutableList()
+        return JsonUtil.fromJson(ruleset, Array<RulesetItem>::class.java)?.toMutableList()?: mutableListOf()
    }

    /**
@@ -465,6 +469,7 @@ object MmkvManager {

    //endregion

+    //region settings
    /**
     * Encodes the settings.
     *
@@ -487,6 +492,28 @@ object MmkvManager {
        return settingsStorage.encode(key, value)
    }

+    /**
+     * Encodes the settings.
+     *
+     * @param key The settings key.
+     * @param value The settings value.
+     * @return Whether the encoding was successful.
+     */
+    fun encodeSettings(key: String, value: Long): Boolean {
+        return settingsStorage.encode(key, value)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encodes the settings.
+     *
+     * @param key The settings key.
+     * @param value The settings value.
+     * @return Whether the encoding was successful.
+     */
+    fun encodeSettings(key: String, value: Float): Boolean {
+        return settingsStorage.encode(key, value)
+    }
+
    /**
     * Encodes the settings.
     *
@@ -530,6 +557,39 @@ object MmkvManager {
        return settingsStorage.decodeString(key, defaultValue)
    }

+    /**
+     * Decodes the settings integer.
+     *
+     * @param key The settings key.
+     * @param defaultValue The default value.
+     * @return The settings value.
+     */
+    fun decodeSettingsInt(key: String, defaultValue: Int): Int {
+        return settingsStorage.decodeInt(key, defaultValue)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decodes the settings long.
+     *
+     * @param key The settings key.
+     * @param defaultValue The default value.
+     * @return The settings value.
+     */
+    fun decodeSettingsLong(key: String, defaultValue: Long): Long {
+        return settingsStorage.decodeLong(key, defaultValue)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decodes the settings float.
+     *
+     * @param key The settings key.
+     * @param defaultValue The default value.
+     * @return The settings value.
+     */
+    fun decodeSettingsFloat(key: String, defaultValue: Float): Float {
+        return settingsStorage.decodeFloat(key, defaultValue)
+    }
+
    /**
     * Decodes the settings boolean.
     *
@@ -561,17 +621,13 @@ object MmkvManager {
        return settingsStorage.decodeStringSet(key)
    }

-    //endregion
-
-    //region Others
-
    /**
     * Encodes the start on boot setting.
     *
     * @param startOnBoot Whether to start on boot.
     */
    fun encodeStartOnBoot(startOnBoot: Boolean) {
-        MmkvManager.encodeSettings(PREF_IS_BOOTED, startOnBoot)
+        encodeSettings(PREF_IS_BOOTED, startOnBoot)
    }

    /**
@@ -585,4 +641,22 @@ object MmkvManager {

    //endregion

+    //region WebDAV
+
+    /**
+     * Encodes the WebDAV config as JSON into storage.
+     */
+    fun encodeWebDavConfig(config: WebDavConfig): Boolean {
+        return mainStorage.encode(KEY_WEBDAV_CONFIG, JsonUtil.toJson(config))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decodes the WebDAV config from storage.
+     */
+    fun decodeWebDavConfig(): WebDavConfig? {
+        val json = mainStorage.decodeString(KEY_WEBDAV_CONFIG) ?: return null
+        return JsonUtil.fromJson(json, WebDavConfig::class.java)
+    }
+
+    //endregion
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.handler
+
+import androidx.preference.PreferenceDataStore
+import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
+
+/**
+ * PreferenceDataStore implementation that bridges AndroidX Preference framework to MMKV storage.
+ * This ensures that all Preference UI operations read/write directly from/to MMKV,
+ * avoiding inconsistencies between SharedPreferences and MMKV.
+ */
+class MmkvPreferenceDataStore : PreferenceDataStore() {
+
+    override fun putString(key: String, value: String?) {
+        MmkvManager.encodeSettings(key, value)
+        notifySettingChanged(key)
+    }
+
+    override fun getString(key: String, defaultValue: String?): String? {
+        return MmkvManager.decodeSettingsString(key, defaultValue)
+    }
+
+    override fun putInt(key: String, value: Int) {
+        MmkvManager.encodeSettings(key, value)
+        notifySettingChanged(key)
+    }
+
+    override fun getInt(key: String, defaultValue: Int): Int {
+        return MmkvManager.decodeSettingsInt(key, defaultValue)
+    }
+
+    override fun putLong(key: String, value: Long) {
+        MmkvManager.encodeSettings(key, value)
+        notifySettingChanged(key)
+    }
+
+    override fun getLong(key: String, defaultValue: Long): Long {
+        return MmkvManager.decodeSettingsLong(key, defaultValue)
+    }
+
+    override fun putFloat(key: String, value: Float) {
+        MmkvManager.encodeSettings(key, value)
+        notifySettingChanged(key)
+    }
+
+    override fun getFloat(key: String, defaultValue: Float): Float {
+        return MmkvManager.decodeSettingsFloat(key, defaultValue)
+    }
+
+    override fun putBoolean(key: String, value: Boolean) {
+        MmkvManager.encodeSettings(key, value)
+        notifySettingChanged(key)
+    }
+
+    override fun getBoolean(key: String, defaultValue: Boolean): Boolean {
+        return MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(key, defaultValue)
+    }
+
+    override fun putStringSet(key: String, values: MutableSet<String>?) {
+        if (values == null) {
+            MmkvManager.encodeSettings(key, null as String?)
+        } else {
+            MmkvManager.encodeSettings(key, values)
+        }
+        notifySettingChanged(key)
+    }
+
+    override fun getStringSet(key: String, defaultValues: MutableSet<String>?): MutableSet<String>? {
+        return MmkvManager.decodeSettingsStringSet(key) ?: defaultValues
+    }
+
+    // Internal helper: notify other modules about setting changes
+    private fun notifySettingChanged(key: String) {
+        // Call SettingsManager.setNightMode if UI mode changed
+        if (key == AppConfig.PREF_UI_MODE_NIGHT) {
+            SettingsManager.setNightMode()
+        }
+        // Notify listeners that require service restart or reinit
+        SettingsChangeManager.makeRestartService()
+    }
+}
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.v2ray.ang.service
+package com.v2ray.ang.handler

 import android.app.Notification
 import android.app.NotificationChannel
@@ -12,12 +12,9 @@ import android.os.Build
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
 import androidx.core.app.NotificationCompat
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
-import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE
-import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.TAG_DIRECT
 import com.v2ray.ang.R
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.ProfileItem
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toSpeedString
-import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.ui.MainActivity
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
@@ -27,7 +24,7 @@ import kotlinx.coroutines.isActive
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
 import kotlin.math.min

-object NotificationService {
+object NotificationManager {
    private const val NOTIFICATION_ID = 1
    private const val NOTIFICATION_PENDING_INTENT_CONTENT = 0
    private const val NOTIFICATION_PENDING_INTENT_STOP_V2RAY = 1
@@ -50,7 +47,7 @@ object NotificationService {
        lastQueryTime = System.currentTimeMillis()
        var lastZeroSpeed = false
        val outboundTags = currentConfig?.getAllOutboundTags()
-        outboundTags?.remove(TAG_DIRECT)
+        outboundTags?.remove(AppConfig.TAG_DIRECT)

        speedNotificationJob = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.IO).launch {
            while (isActive) {
@@ -66,15 +63,15 @@ object NotificationService {
                        proxyTotal += up + down
                    }
                }
-                val directUplink = V2RayServiceManager.queryStats(TAG_DIRECT, AppConfig.UPLINK)
-                val directDownlink = V2RayServiceManager.queryStats(TAG_DIRECT, AppConfig.DOWNLINK)
+                val directUplink = V2RayServiceManager.queryStats(AppConfig.TAG_DIRECT, AppConfig.UPLINK)
+                val directDownlink = V2RayServiceManager.queryStats(AppConfig.TAG_DIRECT, AppConfig.DOWNLINK)
                val zeroSpeed = proxyTotal == 0L && directUplink == 0L && directDownlink == 0L
                if (!zeroSpeed || !lastZeroSpeed) {
                    if (proxyTotal == 0L) {
                        appendSpeedString(text, outboundTags?.firstOrNull(), 0.0, 0.0)
                    }
                    appendSpeedString(
-                        text, TAG_DIRECT, directUplink / sinceLastQueryInSeconds,
+                        text, AppConfig.TAG_DIRECT, directUplink / sinceLastQueryInSeconds,
                        directDownlink / sinceLastQueryInSeconds
                    )
                    updateNotification(text.toString(), proxyTotal, directDownlink + directUplink)
@@ -92,22 +89,18 @@ object NotificationService {
     */
    fun showNotification(currentConfig: ProfileItem?) {
        val service = getService() ?: return
-        val flags = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
-            PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE or PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT
-        } else {
-            PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT
-        }
+        val flags = PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE or PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT

        val startMainIntent = Intent(service, MainActivity::class.java)
        val contentPendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(service, NOTIFICATION_PENDING_INTENT_CONTENT, startMainIntent, flags)

        val stopV2RayIntent = Intent(AppConfig.BROADCAST_ACTION_SERVICE)
-        stopV2RayIntent.`package` = ANG_PACKAGE
+        stopV2RayIntent.`package` = AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE
        stopV2RayIntent.putExtra("key", AppConfig.MSG_STATE_STOP)
        val stopV2RayPendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(service, NOTIFICATION_PENDING_INTENT_STOP_V2RAY, stopV2RayIntent, flags)

        val restartV2RayIntent = Intent(AppConfig.BROADCAST_ACTION_SERVICE)
-        restartV2RayIntent.`package` = ANG_PACKAGE
+        restartV2RayIntent.`package` = AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE
        restartV2RayIntent.putExtra("key", AppConfig.MSG_STATE_RESTART)
        val restartV2RayPendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(service, NOTIFICATION_PENDING_INTENT_RESTART_V2RAY, restartV2RayIntent, flags)

@@ -149,15 +142,12 @@ object NotificationService {
     */
    fun cancelNotification() {
        val service = getService() ?: return
-        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
-            service.stopForeground(Service.STOP_FOREGROUND_REMOVE)
-        } else {
-            service.stopForeground(true)
-        }
+        service.stopForeground(Service.STOP_FOREGROUND_REMOVE)

        mBuilder = null
        speedNotificationJob?.cancel()
        speedNotificationJob = null
+        mNotificationManager = null
    }

    /**
@@ -233,7 +223,7 @@ object NotificationService {
     */
    private fun appendSpeedString(text: StringBuilder, name: String?, up: Double, down: Double) {
        var n = name ?: "no tag"
-        n = n.substring(0, min(n.length, 6))
+        n = n.take(min(n.length, 6))
        text.append(n)
        for (i in n.length..6 step 2) {
            text.append("\t")
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.handler
+
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableStateFlow
+
+object SettingsChangeManager {
+    private val _restartService = MutableStateFlow(false)
+    private val _setupGroupTab = MutableStateFlow(false)
+
+    // Mark restartService as requiring a restart
+    fun makeRestartService() {
+        _restartService.value = true
+    }
+
+    // Read and clear the restartService flag
+    fun consumeRestartService(): Boolean {
+        val v = _restartService.value
+        _restartService.value = false
+        return v
+    }
+
+    // Mark reinitGroupTab as requiring tab reinitialization
+    fun makeSetupGroupTab() {
+        _setupGroupTab.value = true
+    }
+
+    // Read and clear the reinitGroupTab flag
+    fun consumeSetupGroupTab(): Boolean {
+        val v = _setupGroupTab.value
+        _setupGroupTab.value = false
+        return v
+    }
+}
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import com.v2ray.ang.dto.ProfileItem
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.RoutingType
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.RulesetItem
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.V2rayConfig
+import com.v2ray.ang.dto.VpnInterfaceAddressConfig
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager.decodeServerConfig
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager.decodeServerList
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.JsonUtil
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ object SettingsManager {
            return null
        }

-        return JsonUtil.fromJson(assets, Array<RulesetItem>::class.java).toMutableList()
+        return JsonUtil.fromJson(assets, Array<RulesetItem>::class.java)?.toMutableList()
    }

    /**
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ object SettingsManager {
        }

        try {
-            val rulesetList = JsonUtil.fromJson(content, Array<RulesetItem>::class.java).toMutableList()
+            val rulesetList = JsonUtil.fromJson(content, Array<RulesetItem>::class.java)?.toMutableList()
            if (rulesetList.isNullOrEmpty()) {
                return false
            }
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ object SettingsManager {
            resetRoutingRulesetsCommon(rulesetList)
            return true
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(ANG_PACKAGE, "Failed to reset routing rulesets", e)
            return false
        }
    }
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ object SettingsManager {
     * @return True if bypassing LAN, false otherwise.
     */
    fun routingRulesetsBypassLan(): Boolean {
-        val vpnBypassLan = MmkvManager.decodeSettingsString(AppConfig.PREF_VPN_BYPASS_LAN) ?: "0"
+        val vpnBypassLan = MmkvManager.decodeSettingsString(AppConfig.PREF_VPN_BYPASS_LAN) ?: "1"
        if (vpnBypassLan == "1") {
            return true
        } else if (vpnBypassLan == "2") {
@@ -167,11 +168,11 @@ object SettingsManager {
        }

        val guid = MmkvManager.getSelectServer() ?: return false
-        val config = MmkvManager.decodeServerConfig(guid) ?: return false
+        val config = decodeServerConfig(guid) ?: return false
        if (config.configType == EConfigType.CUSTOM) {
            val raw = MmkvManager.decodeServerRaw(guid) ?: return false
            val v2rayConfig = JsonUtil.fromJson(raw, V2rayConfig::class.java)
-            val exist = v2rayConfig.routing.rules.filter { it.outboundTag == TAG_DIRECT }?.any {
+            val exist = v2rayConfig?.routing?.rules?.filter { it.outboundTag == TAG_DIRECT }?.any {
                it.domain?.contains(GEOSITE_PRIVATE) == true || it.ip?.contains(GEOIP_PRIVATE) == true
            }
            return exist == true
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ object SettingsManager {
     */
    fun swapSubscriptions(fromPosition: Int, toPosition: Int) {
        val subsList = MmkvManager.decodeSubsList()
-        if (subsList.isNullOrEmpty()) return
+        if (subsList.isEmpty()) return

        Collections.swap(subsList, fromPosition, toPosition)
        MmkvManager.encodeSubsList(subsList)
@@ -216,7 +217,7 @@ object SettingsManager {
     * @return The ProfileItem.
     */
    fun getServerViaRemarks(remarks: String?): ProfileItem? {
-        if (remarks == null) {
+        if (remarks.isNullOrEmpty()) {
            return null
        }
        val serverList = decodeServerList()
@@ -242,7 +243,7 @@ object SettingsManager {
     * @return The HTTP port.
     */
    fun getHttpPort(): Int {
-        return getSocksPort() + (if (Utils.isXray()) 0 else 1)
+        return getSocksPort() + if (Utils.isXray()) 0 else 1
    }

    /**
@@ -265,10 +266,7 @@ object SettingsManager {
                            input.copyTo(output)
                        }
                    }
-                    Log.i(
-                        ANG_PACKAGE,
-                        "Copied from apk assets folder to ${target.absolutePath}"
-                    )
+                    Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "Copied from apk assets folder to ${target.absolutePath}")
                }
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            Log.e(ANG_PACKAGE, "asset copy failed", e)
@@ -319,10 +317,10 @@ object SettingsManager {
     */
    fun getDelayTestUrl(second: Boolean = false): String {
        return if (second) {
-            AppConfig.DelayTestUrl2
+            AppConfig.DELAY_TEST_URL2
        } else {
            MmkvManager.decodeSettingsString(AppConfig.PREF_DELAY_TEST_URL)
-                ?: AppConfig.DelayTestUrl
+                ?: AppConfig.DELAY_TEST_URL
        }
    }

@@ -340,11 +338,12 @@ object SettingsManager {
            Language.ENGLISH -> Locale.ENGLISH
            Language.CHINA -> Locale.CHINA
            Language.TRADITIONAL_CHINESE -> Locale.TRADITIONAL_CHINESE
-            Language.VIETNAMESE -> Locale("vi")
-            Language.RUSSIAN -> Locale("ru")
-            Language.PERSIAN -> Locale("fa")
-            Language.BANGLA -> Locale("bn")
-            Language.BAKHTIARI -> Locale("bqi", "IR")
+            Language.VIETNAMESE -> Locale.forLanguageTag("vi")
+            Language.RUSSIAN -> Locale.forLanguageTag("ru")
+            Language.PERSIAN -> Locale.forLanguageTag("fa")
+            Language.ARABIC -> Locale.forLanguageTag("ar")
+            Language.BANGLA -> Locale.forLanguageTag("bn")
+            Language.BAKHTIARI -> Locale.forLanguageTag("bqi-IR")
        }
    }

@@ -358,4 +357,59 @@ object SettingsManager {
            "2" -> AppCompatDelegate.setDefaultNightMode(AppCompatDelegate.MODE_NIGHT_YES)
        }
    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the currently selected VPN interface address configuration.
+     * This method reads the user's preference for VPN interface addressing and returns
+     * the corresponding configuration containing IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
+     *
+     * @return The selected VpnInterfaceAddressConfig instance, or the default configuration
+     *         if no valid selection is found or if the stored index is invalid.
+     */
+    fun getCurrentVpnInterfaceAddressConfig(): VpnInterfaceAddressConfig {
+        val selectedIndex = MmkvManager.decodeSettingsString(AppConfig.PREF_VPN_INTERFACE_ADDRESS_CONFIG_INDEX, "0")?.toInt()
+        return VpnInterfaceAddressConfig.getConfigByIndex(selectedIndex ?: 0)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the VPN MTU from settings, defaulting to AppConfig.VPN_MTU.
+     */
+    fun getVpnMtu(): Int {
+        return Utils.parseInt(MmkvManager.decodeSettingsString(AppConfig.PREF_VPN_MTU), AppConfig.VPN_MTU)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if HEV TUN is being used.
+     * @return True if HEV TUN is used, false otherwise.
+     */
+    fun isUsingHevTun(): Boolean {
+        return MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_USE_HEV_TUNNEL, true)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensure default settings are present in MMKV.
+     */
+    fun ensureDefaultSettings() {
+        // Write defaults in the exact order requested by the user
+        ensureDefaultValue(AppConfig.PREF_MODE, AppConfig.VPN)
+        ensureDefaultValue(AppConfig.PREF_VPN_DNS, AppConfig.DNS_VPN)
+        ensureDefaultValue(AppConfig.PREF_VPN_MTU, AppConfig.VPN_MTU.toString())
+        ensureDefaultValue(AppConfig.SUBSCRIPTION_AUTO_UPDATE_INTERVAL, AppConfig.SUBSCRIPTION_DEFAULT_UPDATE_INTERVAL)
+        ensureDefaultValue(AppConfig.PREF_SOCKS_PORT, AppConfig.PORT_SOCKS)
+        ensureDefaultValue(AppConfig.PREF_REMOTE_DNS, AppConfig.DNS_PROXY)
+        ensureDefaultValue(AppConfig.PREF_DOMESTIC_DNS, AppConfig.DNS_DIRECT)
+        ensureDefaultValue(AppConfig.PREF_DELAY_TEST_URL, AppConfig.DELAY_TEST_URL)
+        ensureDefaultValue(AppConfig.PREF_IP_API_URL, AppConfig.IP_API_URL)
+        ensureDefaultValue(AppConfig.PREF_HEV_TUNNEL_RW_TIMEOUT, AppConfig.HEVTUN_RW_TIMEOUT)
+        ensureDefaultValue(AppConfig.PREF_MUX_CONCURRENCY, "8")
+        ensureDefaultValue(AppConfig.PREF_MUX_XUDP_CONCURRENCY, "8")
+        ensureDefaultValue(AppConfig.PREF_FRAGMENT_LENGTH, "50-100")
+        ensureDefaultValue(AppConfig.PREF_FRAGMENT_INTERVAL, "10-20")
+    }
+
+    private fun ensureDefaultValue(key: String, default: String) {
+        if (MmkvManager.decodeSettingsString(key).isNullOrEmpty()) {
+            MmkvManager.encodeSettings(key, default)
+        }
+    }
 }
@@ -2,19 +2,18 @@ package com.v2ray.ang.handler

 import android.content.Context
 import android.os.SystemClock
-import android.text.TextUtils
 import android.util.Log
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
 import com.v2ray.ang.R
-import com.v2ray.ang.extension.responseLength
+import com.v2ray.ang.dto.IPAPIInfo
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.HttpUtil
+import com.v2ray.ang.util.JsonUtil
+import kotlinx.coroutines.currentCoroutineContext
 import kotlinx.coroutines.isActive
-import libv2ray.Libv2ray
 import java.io.IOException
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress
 import java.net.Socket
 import java.net.UnknownHostException
-import kotlin.coroutines.coroutineContext

 object SpeedtestManager {

@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ object SpeedtestManager {
        var time = -1L
        for (k in 0 until 2) {
            val one = socketConnectTime(url, port)
-            if (!coroutineContext.isActive) {
+            if (!currentCoroutineContext().isActive) {
                break
            }
            if (one != -1L && (time == -1L || one < time)) {
@@ -41,46 +40,6 @@ object SpeedtestManager {
        return time
    }

-    /**
-     * Measures the real ping time using the V2Ray library.
-     *
-     * @param config The configuration string for the V2Ray library.
-     * @return The ping time in milliseconds, or -1 if the ping failed.
-     */
-    fun realPing(config: String): Long {
-        return try {
-            Libv2ray.measureOutboundDelay(config, SettingsManager.getDelayTestUrl())
-        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Log.d(AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE, "realPing: $e")
-            -1L
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Measures the ping time to a given URL using the system ping command.
-     *
-     * @param url The URL to ping.
-     * @return The ping time in milliseconds as a string, or "-1ms" if the ping failed.
-     */
-    fun ping(url: String): String {
-        try {
-            val command = "/system/bin/ping -c 3 $url"
-            val process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command)
-            val allText = process.inputStream.bufferedReader().use { it.readText() }
-            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(allText)) {
-                val tempInfo = allText.substring(allText.indexOf("min/avg/max/mdev") + 19)
-                val temps =
-                    tempInfo.split("/".toRegex()).dropLastWhile { it.isEmpty() }.toTypedArray()
-                if (temps.count() > 0 && temps[0].length < 10) {
-                    return temps[0].toFloat().toInt().toString() + "ms"
-                }
-            }
-        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
-        }
-        return "-1ms"
-    }
-
    /**
     * Measures the time taken to establish a TCP connection to a given URL and port.
     *
@@ -103,11 +62,11 @@ object SpeedtestManager {
            socket.close()
            return time
        } catch (e: UnknownHostException) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Unknown host: $url", e)
        } catch (e: IOException) {
-            Log.d(AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE, "socketConnectTime IOException: $e")
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "socketConnectTime IOException: $e")
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to establish socket connection to $url:$port", e)
        }
        return -1
    }
@@ -141,36 +100,48 @@ object SpeedtestManager {
            val code = conn.responseCode
            elapsed = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - start

-            if (code == 204 || code == 200 && conn.responseLength == 0L) {
-                result = context.getString(R.string.connection_test_available, elapsed)
-            } else {
-                throw IOException(
-                    context.getString(
-                        R.string.connection_test_error_status_code,
-                        code
-                    )
+            result = when (code) {
+                204 -> context.getString(R.string.connection_test_available, elapsed)
+                200 if conn.contentLengthLong == 0L -> context.getString(R.string.connection_test_available, elapsed)
+                else -> throw IOException(
+                    context.getString(R.string.connection_test_error_status_code, code)
                )
            }
        } catch (e: IOException) {
-            Log.d(AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE, "testConnection IOException: " + Log.getStackTraceString(e))
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Connection test IOException", e)
            result = context.getString(R.string.connection_test_error, e.message)
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Log.d(AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE, "testConnection Exception: " + Log.getStackTraceString(e))
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Connection test Exception", e)
            result = context.getString(R.string.connection_test_error, e.message)
        } finally {
-            conn?.disconnect()
+            conn.disconnect()
        }

        return Pair(elapsed, result)
    }

-    /**
-     * Gets the version of the V2Ray library.
-     *
-     * @return The version of the V2Ray library.
-     */
-    fun getLibVersion(): String {
-        return Libv2ray.checkVersionX()
-    }
+    fun getRemoteIPInfo(): String? {
+        val url = MmkvManager.decodeSettingsString(AppConfig.PREF_IP_API_URL)
+            .takeIf { !it.isNullOrBlank() } ?: AppConfig.IP_API_URL

+        val httpPort = SettingsManager.getHttpPort()
+        val content = HttpUtil.getUrlContent(url, 5000, httpPort) ?: return null
+        val ipInfo = JsonUtil.fromJson(content, IPAPIInfo::class.java) ?: return null
+
+        val ip = listOf(
+            ipInfo.ip,
+            ipInfo.clientIp,
+            ipInfo.ip_addr,
+            ipInfo.query
+        ).firstOrNull { !it.isNullOrBlank() }
+
+        val country = listOf(
+            ipInfo.country_code,
+            ipInfo.country,
+            ipInfo.countryCode,
+            ipInfo.location?.country_code
+        ).firstOrNull { !it.isNullOrBlank() }
+
+        return "(${country ?: "unknown"}) ${ip ?: "unknown"}"
+    }
 }
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.v2ray.ang.service
+package com.v2ray.ang.handler

 import android.annotation.SuppressLint
 import android.app.NotificationChannel
@@ -11,11 +11,7 @@ import androidx.core.app.NotificationManagerCompat
 import androidx.work.CoroutineWorker
 import androidx.work.WorkerParameters
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
-import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.SUBSCRIPTION_UPDATE_CHANNEL
-import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.SUBSCRIPTION_UPDATE_CHANNEL_NAME
 import com.v2ray.ang.R
-import com.v2ray.ang.handler.AngConfigManager.updateConfigViaSub
-import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager

 object SubscriptionUpdater {

@@ -24,7 +20,7 @@ object SubscriptionUpdater {

        private val notificationManager = NotificationManagerCompat.from(applicationContext)
        private val notification =
-            NotificationCompat.Builder(applicationContext, SUBSCRIPTION_UPDATE_CHANNEL)
+            NotificationCompat.Builder(applicationContext, AppConfig.SUBSCRIPTION_UPDATE_CHANNEL)
                .setWhen(0)
                .setTicker("Update")
                .setContentTitle(context.getString(R.string.title_pref_auto_update_subscription))
@@ -38,7 +34,7 @@ object SubscriptionUpdater {
         */
        @SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
        override suspend fun doWork(): Result {
-            Log.d(AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE, "subscription automatic update starting")
+            Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "subscription automatic update starting")

            val subs = MmkvManager.decodeSubscriptions().filter { it.second.autoUpdate }

@@ -46,21 +42,18 @@ object SubscriptionUpdater {
                val subItem = sub.second

                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
-                    notification.setChannelId(SUBSCRIPTION_UPDATE_CHANNEL)
+                    notification.setChannelId(AppConfig.SUBSCRIPTION_UPDATE_CHANNEL)
                    val channel =
                        NotificationChannel(
-                            SUBSCRIPTION_UPDATE_CHANNEL,
-                            SUBSCRIPTION_UPDATE_CHANNEL_NAME,
+                            AppConfig.SUBSCRIPTION_UPDATE_CHANNEL,
+                            AppConfig.SUBSCRIPTION_UPDATE_CHANNEL_NAME,
                            NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_MIN
                        )
                    notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel)
                }
                notificationManager.notify(3, notification.build())
-                Log.d(
-                    AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE,
-                    "subscription automatic update: ---${subItem.remarks}"
-                )
-                updateConfigViaSub(Pair(sub.first, subItem))
+                Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "subscription automatic update: ---${subItem.remarks}")
+                AngConfigManager.updateConfigViaSub(Pair(sub.first, subItem))
                notification.setContentText("Updating ${subItem.remarks}")
            }
            notificationManager.cancel(3)
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.handler
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.os.Build
+import android.util.Log
+import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
+import com.v2ray.ang.BuildConfig
+import com.v2ray.ang.dto.CheckUpdateResult
+import com.v2ray.ang.dto.GitHubRelease
+import com.v2ray.ang.extension.concatUrl
+import com.v2ray.ang.util.HttpUtil
+import com.v2ray.ang.util.JsonUtil
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
+import java.io.File
+import java.io.FileOutputStream
+
+object UpdateCheckerManager {
+    suspend fun checkForUpdate(includePreRelease: Boolean = false): CheckUpdateResult = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+        val url = if (includePreRelease) {
+            AppConfig.APP_API_URL
+        } else {
+            AppConfig.APP_API_URL.concatUrl("latest")
+        }
+
+        var response = HttpUtil.getUrlContent(url, 5000)
+        if (response.isNullOrEmpty()) {
+            val httpPort = SettingsManager.getHttpPort()
+            response = HttpUtil.getUrlContent(url, 5000, httpPort)
+                ?: throw IllegalStateException("Failed to get response")
+        }
+
+        val latestRelease = if (includePreRelease) {
+            JsonUtil.fromJson(response, Array<GitHubRelease>::class.java)
+                ?.firstOrNull()
+                ?: throw IllegalStateException("No pre-release found")
+        } else {
+            JsonUtil.fromJson(response, GitHubRelease::class.java)
+        }
+        if (latestRelease == null) {
+            return@withContext CheckUpdateResult(hasUpdate = false)
+        }
+
+        val latestVersion = latestRelease.tagName.removePrefix("v")
+        Log.i(
+            AppConfig.TAG,
+            "Found new version: $latestVersion (current: ${BuildConfig.VERSION_NAME})"
+        )
+
+        return@withContext if (compareVersions(latestVersion, BuildConfig.VERSION_NAME) > 0) {
+            val downloadUrl = getDownloadUrl(latestRelease, Build.SUPPORTED_ABIS[0])
+            CheckUpdateResult(
+                hasUpdate = true,
+                latestVersion = latestVersion,
+                releaseNotes = latestRelease.body,
+                downloadUrl = downloadUrl,
+                isPreRelease = latestRelease.prerelease
+            )
+        } else {
+            CheckUpdateResult(hasUpdate = false)
+        }
+    }
+
+    suspend fun downloadApk(context: Context, downloadUrl: String): File? = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+        try {
+            val httpPort = SettingsManager.getHttpPort()
+            val connection = HttpUtil.createProxyConnection(downloadUrl, httpPort, 10000, 10000, true)
+                ?: throw IllegalStateException("Failed to create connection")
+
+            try {
+                val apkFile = File(context.cacheDir, "update.apk")
+                Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "Downloading APK to: ${apkFile.absolutePath}")
+
+                FileOutputStream(apkFile).use { outputStream ->
+                    connection.inputStream.use { inputStream ->
+                        inputStream.copyTo(outputStream)
+                    }
+                }
+                Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "APK download completed")
+                return@withContext apkFile
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to download APK: ${e.message}")
+                return@withContext null
+            } finally {
+                try {
+                    connection.disconnect()
+                } catch (e: Exception) {
+                    Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Error closing connection: ${e.message}")
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to initiate download: ${e.message}")
+            return@withContext null
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun compareVersions(version1: String, version2: String): Int {
+        val v1 = version1.split(".")
+        val v2 = version2.split(".")
+
+        for (i in 0 until maxOf(v1.size, v2.size)) {
+            val num1 = if (i < v1.size) v1[i].toInt() else 0
+            val num2 = if (i < v2.size) v2[i].toInt() else 0
+            if (num1 != num2) return num1 - num2
+        }
+        return 0
+    }
+
+    private fun getDownloadUrl(release: GitHubRelease, abi: String): String {
+        val fDroid = "fdroid"
+
+        val assetsByAbi = release.assets.filter {
+            (it.name.contains(abi, true))
+        }
+
+        val asset = if (BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID.contains(fDroid, ignoreCase = true)) {
+            assetsByAbi.firstOrNull { it.name.contains(fDroid) }
+        } else {
+            assetsByAbi.firstOrNull { !it.name.contains(fDroid) }
+        }
+
+        return asset?.browserDownloadUrl
+            ?: throw IllegalStateException("No compatible APK found")
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.handler
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.util.Log
+import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
+import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
+import go.Seq
+import libv2ray.CoreCallbackHandler
+import libv2ray.CoreController
+import libv2ray.Libv2ray
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean
+
+/**
+ * V2Ray Native Library Manager
+ *
+ * Thread-safe singleton wrapper for Libv2ray native methods.
+ * Provides initialization protection and unified API for V2Ray core operations.
+ */
+object V2RayNativeManager {
+    private val initialized = AtomicBoolean(false)
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize V2Ray core environment.
+     * This method is thread-safe and ensures initialization happens only once.
+     * Subsequent calls will be ignored silently.
+     *
+     */
+    fun initCoreEnv(context: Context?) {
+        if (initialized.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+            try {
+                Seq.setContext(context?.applicationContext)
+                val assetPath = Utils.userAssetPath(context)
+                val deviceId = Utils.getDeviceIdForXUDPBaseKey()
+                Libv2ray.initCoreEnv(assetPath, deviceId)
+                Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "V2Ray core environment initialized successfully")
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to initialize V2Ray core environment", e)
+                initialized.set(false)
+                throw e
+            }
+        } else {
+            Log.d(AppConfig.TAG, "V2Ray core environment already initialized, skipping")
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Get V2Ray core version.
+     *
+     * @return Version string of the V2Ray core
+     */
+    fun getLibVersion(): String {
+        return try {
+            Libv2ray.checkVersionX()
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to check V2Ray version", e)
+            "Unknown"
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Measure outbound connection delay.
+     *
+     * @param config The configuration JSON string
+     * @param testUrl The URL to test against
+     * @return Delay in milliseconds, or -1 if test failed
+     */
+    fun measureOutboundDelay(config: String, testUrl: String): Long {
+        return try {
+            Libv2ray.measureOutboundDelay(config, testUrl)
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to measure outbound delay", e)
+            -1L
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new core controller instance.
+     *
+     * @param handler The callback handler for core events
+     * @return A new CoreController instance
+     */
+    fun newCoreController(handler: CoreCallbackHandler): CoreController {
+        return try {
+            Libv2ray.newCoreController(handler)
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to create core controller", e)
+            throw e
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -1,45 +1,40 @@
-package com.v2ray.ang.service
+package com.v2ray.ang.handler

 import android.app.Service
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
 import android.content.Context
 import android.content.Intent
 import android.content.IntentFilter
-import android.os.Build
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor
 import android.util.Log
 import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
-import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE
 import com.v2ray.ang.R
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.EConfigType
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.ProfileItem
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toast
-import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager
-import com.v2ray.ang.handler.SettingsManager
-import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2rayConfigManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.service.ServiceControl
+import com.v2ray.ang.service.V2RayProxyOnlyService
+import com.v2ray.ang.service.V2RayVpnService
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.MessageUtil
-import com.v2ray.ang.util.PluginUtil
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
-import go.Seq
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
-import libv2ray.Libv2ray
-import libv2ray.V2RayPoint
-import libv2ray.V2RayVPNServiceSupportsSet
+import libv2ray.CoreCallbackHandler
+import libv2ray.CoreController
 import java.lang.ref.SoftReference

 object V2RayServiceManager {

-    private val v2rayPoint: V2RayPoint = Libv2ray.newV2RayPoint(V2RayCallback(), Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N_MR1)
+    private val coreController: CoreController = V2RayNativeManager.newCoreController(CoreCallback())
    private val mMsgReceive = ReceiveMessageHandler()
    private var currentConfig: ProfileItem? = null

    var serviceControl: SoftReference<ServiceControl>? = null
        set(value) {
            field = value
-            Seq.setContext(value?.get()?.getService()?.applicationContext)
-            Libv2ray.initV2Env(Utils.userAssetPath(value?.get()?.getService()), Utils.getDeviceIdForXUDPBaseKey())
+            V2RayNativeManager.initCoreEnv(value?.get()?.getService())
        }

    /**
@@ -73,7 +68,7 @@ object V2RayServiceManager {
     * @param context The context from which the service is stopped.
     */
    fun stopVService(context: Context) {
-        context.toast(R.string.toast_services_stop)
+        //context.toast(R.string.toast_services_stop)
        MessageUtil.sendMsg2Service(context, AppConfig.MSG_STATE_STOP, "")
    }

@@ -81,7 +76,7 @@ object V2RayServiceManager {
     * Checks if the V2Ray service is running.
     * @return True if the service is running, false otherwise.
     */
-    fun isRunning() = v2rayPoint.isRunning
+    fun isRunning() = coreController.isRunning

    /**
     * Gets the name of the currently running server.
@@ -91,20 +86,24 @@ object V2RayServiceManager {

    /**
     * Starts the context service for V2Ray.
+     * Chooses between VPN service or Proxy-only service based on user settings.
     * @param context The context from which the service is started.
     */
    private fun startContextService(context: Context) {
-        if (v2rayPoint.isRunning) return
+        if (coreController.isRunning) {
+            return
+        }
        val guid = MmkvManager.getSelectServer() ?: return
        val config = MmkvManager.decodeServerConfig(guid) ?: return
        if (config.configType != EConfigType.CUSTOM
+            && config.configType != EConfigType.POLICYGROUP
            && !Utils.isValidUrl(config.server)
-            && !Utils.isIpAddress(config.server)
+            && !Utils.isPureIpAddress(config.server.orEmpty())
        ) return
 //        val result = V2rayConfigUtil.getV2rayConfig(context, guid)
 //        if (!result.status) return

-        if (MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_PROXY_SHARING) == true) {
+        if (MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_PROXY_SHARING)) {
            context.toast(R.string.toast_warning_pref_proxysharing_short)
        } else {
            context.toast(R.string.toast_services_start)
@@ -114,28 +113,25 @@ object V2RayServiceManager {
        } else {
            Intent(context.applicationContext, V2RayProxyOnlyService::class.java)
        }
-        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.N_MR1) {
-            context.startForegroundService(intent)
-        } else {
-            context.startService(intent)
-        }
+        ContextCompat.startForegroundService(context, intent)
    }

    /**
     * Refer to the official documentation for [registerReceiver](https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/core/content/ContextCompat#registerReceiver(android.content.Context,android.content.BroadcastReceiver,android.content.IntentFilter,int):
     * `registerReceiver(Context, BroadcastReceiver, IntentFilter, int)`.
-     * Starts the V2Ray point.
+     * Starts the V2Ray core service.
     */
-    fun startV2rayPoint() {
-        val service = getService() ?: return
-        val guid = MmkvManager.getSelectServer() ?: return
-        val config = MmkvManager.decodeServerConfig(guid) ?: return
-        if (v2rayPoint.isRunning) {
-            return
+    fun startCoreLoop(vpnInterface: ParcelFileDescriptor?): Boolean {
+        if (coreController.isRunning) {
+            return false
        }
+
+        val service = getService() ?: return false
+        val guid = MmkvManager.getSelectServer() ?: return false
+        val config = MmkvManager.decodeServerConfig(guid) ?: return false
        val result = V2rayConfigManager.getV2rayConfig(service, guid)
        if (!result.status)
-            return
+            return false

        try {
            val mFilter = IntentFilter(AppConfig.BROADCAST_ACTION_SERVICE)
@@ -144,55 +140,69 @@ object V2RayServiceManager {
            mFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_USER_PRESENT)
            ContextCompat.registerReceiver(service, mMsgReceive, mFilter, Utils.receiverFlags())
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, e.toString())
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to register broadcast receiver", e)
+            return false
        }

-        v2rayPoint.configureFileContent = result.content
-        v2rayPoint.domainName = result.domainPort
        currentConfig = config
+        var tunFd = vpnInterface?.fd ?: 0
+        if (SettingsManager.isUsingHevTun()) {
+            tunFd = 0
+        }

        try {
-            v2rayPoint.runLoop(MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_PREFER_IPV6))
+            coreController.startLoop(result.content, tunFd)
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, e.toString())
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to start Core loop", e)
+            return false
        }

-        if (v2rayPoint.isRunning) {
-            MessageUtil.sendMsg2UI(service, AppConfig.MSG_STATE_START_SUCCESS, "")
-            NotificationService.showNotification(currentConfig)
-
-            PluginUtil.runPlugin(service, config, result.domainPort)
-        } else {
+        if (coreController.isRunning == false) {
            MessageUtil.sendMsg2UI(service, AppConfig.MSG_STATE_START_FAILURE, "")
-            NotificationService.cancelNotification()
+            NotificationManager.cancelNotification()
+            return false
        }
+
+        try {
+            MessageUtil.sendMsg2UI(service, AppConfig.MSG_STATE_START_SUCCESS, "")
+            NotificationManager.showNotification(currentConfig)
+            NotificationManager.startSpeedNotification(currentConfig)
+
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to startup service", e)
+            return false
+        }
+        return true
    }

    /**
-     * Stops the V2Ray point.
+     * Stops the V2Ray core service.
+     * Unregisters broadcast receivers, stops notifications, and shuts down plugins.
+     * @return True if the core was stopped successfully, false otherwise.
     */
-    fun stopV2rayPoint() {
-        val service = getService() ?: return
+    fun stopCoreLoop(): Boolean {
+        val service = getService() ?: return false

-        if (v2rayPoint.isRunning) {
+        if (coreController.isRunning) {
            CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.IO).launch {
                try {
-                    v2rayPoint.stopLoop()
+                    coreController.stopLoop()
                } catch (e: Exception) {
-                    Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, e.toString())
+                    Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to stop V2Ray loop", e)
                }
            }
        }

        MessageUtil.sendMsg2UI(service, AppConfig.MSG_STATE_STOP_SUCCESS, "")
-        NotificationService.cancelNotification()
+        NotificationManager.cancelNotification()

        try {
            service.unregisterReceiver(mMsgReceive)
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, e.toString())
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to unregister broadcast receiver", e)
        }
-        PluginUtil.stopPlugin()
+
+        return true
    }

    /**
@@ -202,40 +212,52 @@ object V2RayServiceManager {
     * @return The statistics value.
     */
    fun queryStats(tag: String, link: String): Long {
-        return v2rayPoint.queryStats(tag, link)
+        return coreController.queryStats(tag, link)
    }

    /**
-     * Measures the delay for V2Ray.
+     * Measures the connection delay for the current V2Ray configuration.
+     * Tests with primary URL first, then falls back to alternative URL if needed.
+     * Also fetches remote IP information if the delay test was successful.
     */
    private fun measureV2rayDelay() {
+        if (coreController.isRunning == false) {
+            return
+        }
+
        CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.IO).launch {
            val service = getService() ?: return@launch
            var time = -1L
-            var errstr = ""
-            if (v2rayPoint.isRunning) {
-                try {
-                    time = v2rayPoint.measureDelay(SettingsManager.getDelayTestUrl())
-                } catch (e: Exception) {
-                    Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, "measureV2rayDelay: $e")
-                    errstr = e.message?.substringAfter("\":") ?: "empty message"
-                }
-                if (time == -1L) {
-                    try {
-                        time = v2rayPoint.measureDelay(SettingsManager.getDelayTestUrl(true))
-                    } catch (e: Exception) {
-                        Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, "measureV2rayDelay: $e")
-                        errstr = e.message?.substringAfter("\":") ?: "empty message"
-                    }
-                }
+            var errorStr = ""
+
+            try {
+                time = coreController.measureDelay(SettingsManager.getDelayTestUrl())
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to measure delay with primary URL", e)
+                errorStr = e.message?.substringAfter("\":") ?: "empty message"
            }
-            val result = if (time == -1L) {
-                service.getString(R.string.connection_test_error, errstr)
-            } else {
-                service.getString(R.string.connection_test_available, time)
+            if (time == -1L) {
+                try {
+                    time = coreController.measureDelay(SettingsManager.getDelayTestUrl(true))
+                } catch (e: Exception) {
+                    Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to measure delay with alternative URL", e)
+                    errorStr = e.message?.substringAfter("\":") ?: "empty message"
+                }
            }

+            val result = if (time >= 0) {
+                service.getString(R.string.connection_test_available, time)
+            } else {
+                service.getString(R.string.connection_test_error, errorStr)
+            }
            MessageUtil.sendMsg2UI(service, AppConfig.MSG_MEASURE_DELAY_SUCCESS, result)
+
+            // Only fetch IP info if the delay test was successful
+            if (time >= 0) {
+                SpeedtestManager.getRemoteIPInfo()?.let { ip ->
+                    MessageUtil.sendMsg2UI(service, AppConfig.MSG_MEASURE_DELAY_SUCCESS, "$result\n$ip")
+                }
+            }
        }
    }

@@ -247,59 +269,53 @@ object V2RayServiceManager {
        return serviceControl?.get()?.getService()
    }

-    private class V2RayCallback : V2RayVPNServiceSupportsSet {
+    /**
+     * Core callback handler implementation for handling V2Ray core events.
+     * Handles startup, shutdown, socket protection, and status emission.
+     */
+    private class CoreCallback : CoreCallbackHandler {
+        /**
+         * Called when V2Ray core starts up.
+         * @return 0 for success, any other value for failure.
+         */
+        override fun startup(): Long {
+            return 0
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Called when V2Ray core shuts down.
+         * @return 0 for success, any other value for failure.
+         */
        override fun shutdown(): Long {
            val serviceControl = serviceControl?.get() ?: return -1
-            // called by go
            return try {
                serviceControl.stopService()
                0
            } catch (e: Exception) {
-                Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, e.toString())
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to stop service in callback", e)
                -1
            }
        }

-        override fun prepare(): Long {
-            return 0
-        }
-
-        override fun protect(l: Long): Boolean {
-            val serviceControl = serviceControl?.get() ?: return true
-            return serviceControl.vpnProtect(l.toInt())
-        }
-
        /**
-         * Called by Go to emit status.
-         * @param l The status code.
-         * @param s The status message.
-         * @return The status code.
+         * Called when V2Ray core emits status information.
+         * @param l Status code.
+         * @param s Status message.
+         * @return Always returns 0.
         */
        override fun onEmitStatus(l: Long, s: String?): Long {
            return 0
        }
-
-        /**
-         * Called by Go to set up the service.
-         * @param s The setup string.
-         * @return The status code.
-         */
-        override fun setup(s: String): Long {
-            val serviceControl = serviceControl?.get() ?: return -1
-            return try {
-                serviceControl.startService()
-                NotificationService.startSpeedNotification(currentConfig)
-                0
-            } catch (e: Exception) {
-                Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, e.toString())
-                -1
-            }
-        }
    }

+    /**
+     * Broadcast receiver for handling messages sent to the service.
+     * Handles registration, service control, and screen events.
+     */
    private class ReceiveMessageHandler : BroadcastReceiver() {
        /**
         * Handles received broadcast messages.
+         * Processes service control messages and screen state changes.
         * @param ctx The context in which the receiver is running.
         * @param intent The intent being received.
         */
@@ -307,7 +323,7 @@ object V2RayServiceManager {
            val serviceControl = serviceControl?.get() ?: return
            when (intent?.getIntExtra("key", 0)) {
                AppConfig.MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT -> {
-                    if (v2rayPoint.isRunning) {
+                    if (coreController.isRunning) {
                        MessageUtil.sendMsg2UI(serviceControl.getService(), AppConfig.MSG_STATE_RUNNING, "")
                    } else {
                        MessageUtil.sendMsg2UI(serviceControl.getService(), AppConfig.MSG_STATE_NOT_RUNNING, "")
@@ -323,12 +339,12 @@ object V2RayServiceManager {
                }

                AppConfig.MSG_STATE_STOP -> {
-                    Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, "Stop Service")
+                    Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "Stop Service")
                    serviceControl.stopService()
                }

                AppConfig.MSG_STATE_RESTART -> {
-                    Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, "Restart Service")
+                    Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "Restart Service")
                    serviceControl.stopService()
                    Thread.sleep(500L)
                    startVService(serviceControl.getService())
@@ -341,15 +357,15 @@ object V2RayServiceManager {

            when (intent?.action) {
                Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_OFF -> {
-                    Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, "SCREEN_OFF, stop querying stats")
-                    NotificationService.stopSpeedNotification(currentConfig)
+                    Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "SCREEN_OFF, stop querying stats")
+                    NotificationManager.stopSpeedNotification(currentConfig)
                }

                Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON -> {
-                    Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, "SCREEN_ON, start querying stats")
-                    NotificationService.startSpeedNotification(currentConfig)
+                    Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "SCREEN_ON, start querying stats")
+                    NotificationManager.startSpeedNotification(currentConfig)
                }
            }
        }
    }
-}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.handler
+
+import android.util.Log
+import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
+import com.v2ray.ang.dto.WebDavConfig
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
+import okhttp3.Credentials
+import okhttp3.MediaType.Companion.toMediaTypeOrNull
+import okhttp3.OkHttpClient
+import okhttp3.Request
+import okhttp3.RequestBody.Companion.asRequestBody
+import java.io.File
+import java.io.FileOutputStream
+import java.net.URL
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
+
+object WebDavManager {
+    private var cfg: WebDavConfig? = null
+    private var client: OkHttpClient? = null
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the WebDAV manager with a configuration and build an OkHttp client.
+     *
+     * @param config WebDavConfig containing baseUrl, credentials, remoteBasePath and timeoutSeconds.
+     */
+    fun init(config: WebDavConfig) {
+        cfg = config
+        client = OkHttpClient.Builder()
+            .connectTimeout(config.timeoutSeconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+            .readTimeout(config.timeoutSeconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+            .writeTimeout(config.timeoutSeconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+            .callTimeout(config.timeoutSeconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+            .build()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Upload a local file to a remote file name under the configured remoteBasePath.
+     * The provided `remoteFileName` should be a file name (e.g. "backup_ng.zip").
+     * The method will attempt to create parent directories via MKCOL before PUT.
+     *
+     * @param localFile File to upload.
+     * @param remoteFileName Remote file name relative to configured remoteBasePath.
+     * @return true if upload succeeded (HTTP 2xx), false otherwise.
+     */
+    suspend fun uploadFile(localFile: File, remoteFileName: String): Boolean = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+        val remote = buildRemoteUrl(remoteFileName)
+        try {
+            val cl = client ?: return@withContext false
+
+            // Ensure parent directories exist
+            val dirPath = remote.substringBeforeLast('/')
+            if (dirPath != remote) {
+                ensureRemoteDirs(dirPath)
+            }
+
+            // Determine content type based on file extension
+            val mediaType = when (localFile.extension.lowercase()) {
+                "zip" -> "application/zip"
+                "json" -> "application/json"
+                "txt" -> "text/plain"
+                else -> "application/octet-stream"
+            }.toMediaTypeOrNull()
+
+            val body = localFile.asRequestBody(mediaType)
+            val req = applyAuth(Request.Builder().url(remote).put(body)).build()
+            cl.newCall(req).execute().use { resp ->
+                val success = resp.isSuccessful
+                if (success) {
+                    Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "WebDAV upload success: $remote")
+                } else {
+                    Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "WebDAV upload failed: $remote (HTTP ${resp.code})")
+                }
+                return@withContext success
+            }
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "WebDAV upload exception: $remote", e)
+            return@withContext false
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Download a remote file (relative to configured remoteBasePath) into a local file.
+     *
+     * @param remoteFileName Remote file name relative to configured remoteBasePath.
+     * @param destFile Local destination file to write to.
+     * @return true if download and write succeeded, false otherwise.
+     */
+    suspend fun downloadFile(remoteFileName: String, destFile: File): Boolean = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+        val remote = buildRemoteUrl(remoteFileName)
+        try {
+            val cl = client ?: return@withContext false
+            val req = applyAuth(Request.Builder().url(remote).get()).build()
+            cl.newCall(req).execute().use { resp ->
+                if (!resp.isSuccessful) {
+                    Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "WebDAV download failed: $remote (HTTP ${resp.code})")
+                    return@withContext false
+                }
+
+                resp.body.byteStream().use { input ->
+                    destFile.parentFile?.mkdirs()
+                    FileOutputStream(destFile).use { fos ->
+                        input.copyTo(fos)
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "WebDAV download success: $remote")
+                return@withContext true
+            }
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "WebDAV download exception: $remote", e)
+            return@withContext false
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build a full remote URL by combining the configured base URL, the configured
+     * remote base path and a file name provided by the caller.
+     *
+     * Example: baseUrl="https://example.com/remote.php/dav", remoteBasePath="backups",
+     * remoteFileName="backup_ng.zip" => "https://example.com/remote.php/dav/backups/backup_ng.zip"
+     *
+     * @param remoteFileName A file name relative to the configured remoteBasePath (no leading slash required).
+     * @return Full URL string used for HTTP operations.
+     */
+    private fun buildRemoteUrl(remoteFileName: String): String {
+        val base = cfg?.baseUrl?.trimEnd('/') ?: ""
+        // Use configured remoteBasePath when not empty; otherwise fallback to AppConfig.WEBDAV_BACKUP_DIR
+        val basePathConfigured = cfg?.remoteBasePath?.trim('/')?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
+        val basePath = basePathConfigured ?: AppConfig.WEBDAV_BACKUP_DIR
+        val rel = remoteFileName.trimStart('/')
+        return if (basePath.isEmpty()) "$base/$rel" else "$base/$basePath/$rel"
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply HTTP Basic authentication headers to the given request builder when
+     * username is configured in `cfg`.
+     *
+     * @param builder OkHttp Request.Builder to modify.
+     * @return The same builder instance with Authorization header applied if credentials exist.
+     */
+    private fun applyAuth(builder: Request.Builder): Request.Builder {
+        val username = cfg?.username
+        val password = cfg?.password
+        if (!username.isNullOrEmpty()) {
+            builder.header("Authorization", Credentials.basic(username, password ?: ""))
+        }
+        return builder
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensure that each directory segment in the given directory URL exists on the
+     * WebDAV server. This issues MKCOL requests for each segment in a best-effort
+     * manner and ignores errors for segments that already exist.
+     *
+     * @param dirUrl Absolute URL to the directory that should exist (e.g. https://.../backups)
+     */
+    private fun ensureRemoteDirs(dirUrl: String) {
+        try {
+            val cl = client ?: return
+            val url = URL(dirUrl)
+            val segments = url.path.split("/").filter { it.isNotEmpty() }
+            var accum = ""
+            for (seg in segments) {
+                accum += "/$seg"
+                val mkUrl = URL(url.protocol, url.host, if (url.port == -1) -1 else url.port, accum).toString()
+                try {
+                    val req = applyAuth(Request.Builder().url(mkUrl).method("MKCOL", null)).build()
+                    cl.newCall(req).execute().use { resp ->
+                        // 201 Created or 405 Method Not Allowed (already exists) are acceptable
+                        if (resp.code != 201 && resp.code != 405 && resp.code != 409) {
+                            Log.w(AppConfig.TAG, "WebDAV MKCOL $mkUrl returned ${resp.code}")
+                        }
+                    }
+                } catch (_: Exception) {
+                    // best-effort, continue
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "WebDAV ensureRemoteDirs error", e)
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ import kotlin.math.sign
 *
 * @author Paul Burke (ipaulpro)
 */
-class SimpleItemTouchHelperCallback(private val mAdapter: ItemTouchHelperAdapter) : ItemTouchHelper.Callback() {
+class SimpleItemTouchHelperCallback(private val mAdapter: ItemTouchHelperAdapter, private val allowSwipe: Boolean = false) : ItemTouchHelper.Callback() {
    private var mReturnAnimator: ValueAnimator? = null

    override fun isLongPressDragEnabled(): Boolean = true

-    override fun isItemViewSwipeEnabled(): Boolean = true
+    override fun isItemViewSwipeEnabled(): Boolean = allowSwipe

    override fun getMovementFlags(
        recyclerView: RecyclerView,
@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ class SimpleItemTouchHelperCallback(private val mAdapter: ItemTouchHelperAdapter
        val swipeFlags: Int
        if (recyclerView.layoutManager is GridLayoutManager) {
            dragFlags = ItemTouchHelper.UP or ItemTouchHelper.DOWN or ItemTouchHelper.LEFT or ItemTouchHelper.RIGHT
-            swipeFlags = ItemTouchHelper.START or ItemTouchHelper.END
+            swipeFlags = if (allowSwipe) ItemTouchHelper.START or ItemTouchHelper.END else 0
        } else {
            dragFlags = ItemTouchHelper.UP or ItemTouchHelper.DOWN
-            swipeFlags = ItemTouchHelper.START or ItemTouchHelper.END
+            swipeFlags = if (allowSwipe) ItemTouchHelper.START or ItemTouchHelper.END else 0
        }
        return makeMovementFlags(dragFlags, swipeFlags)
    }
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class SimpleItemTouchHelperCallback(private val mAdapter: ItemTouchHelperAdapter
            addUpdateListener { animation ->
                val value = animation.animatedValue as Float
                viewHolder.itemView.translationX = value
-                viewHolder.itemView.alpha = (1f - abs(value) / (viewHolder.itemView.width * SWIPE_THRESHOLD))
+                viewHolder.itemView.alpha = 1f - abs(value) / (viewHolder.itemView.width * SWIPE_THRESHOLD)
            }
            interpolator = DecelerateInterpolator()
            duration = ANIMATION_DURATION
@@ -144,4 +144,4 @@ class SimpleItemTouchHelperCallback(private val mAdapter: ItemTouchHelperAdapter
        private const val SWIPE_THRESHOLD = 0.25f
        private const val ANIMATION_DURATION: Long = 200
    }
-}
+}
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-/******************************************************************************
- *                                                                            *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 by nekohasekai <contact-sagernet@sekai.icu>             *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 by Max Lv <max.c.lv@gmail.com>                          *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 by Mygod Studio <contact-shadowsocks-android@mygod.be>  *
- *                                                                            *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify       *
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by       *
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or          *
- *  (at your option) any later version.                                       *
- *                                                                            *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,            *
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of             *
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the              *
- * GNU General Public License for more details.                               *
- *                                                                            *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License          *
- * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.       *
- *                                                                            *
- ******************************************************************************/
-
-package com.v2ray.ang.plugin
-
-import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo
-
-class NativePlugin(resolveInfo: ResolveInfo) : ResolvedPlugin(resolveInfo) {
-    init {
-        check(resolveInfo.providerInfo != null)
-    }
-
-    override val componentInfo get() = resolveInfo.providerInfo!!
-}
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-/******************************************************************************
- *                                                                            *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 by nekohasekai <contact-sagernet@sekai.icu>             *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 by Max Lv <max.c.lv@gmail.com>                          *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 by Mygod Studio <contact-shadowsocks-android@mygod.be>  *
- *                                                                            *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify       *
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by       *
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or          *
- *  (at your option) any later version.                                       *
- *                                                                            *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,            *
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of             *
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the              *
- * GNU General Public License for more details.                               *
- *                                                                            *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License          *
- * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.       *
- *                                                                            *
- ******************************************************************************/
-
-package com.v2ray.ang.plugin
-
-import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable
-
-abstract class Plugin {
-    abstract val id: String
-    abstract val label: CharSequence
-    abstract val version: Int
-    abstract val versionName: String
-    open val icon: Drawable? get() = null
-    open val defaultConfig: String? get() = null
-    open val packageName: String get() = ""
-    open val directBootAware: Boolean get() = true
-
-    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
-        if (this === other) return true
-        if (javaClass != other?.javaClass) return false
-        return id == (other as Plugin).id
-    }
-
-    override fun hashCode() = id.hashCode()
-}
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-/******************************************************************************
- *                                                                            *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 by nekohasekai <contact-sagernet@sekai.icu>             *
- *                                                                            *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify       *
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by       *
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or          *
- *  (at your option) any later version.                                       *
- *                                                                            *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,            *
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of             *
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the              *
- * GNU General Public License for more details.                               *
- *                                                                            *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License          *
- * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.       *
- *                                                                            *
- ******************************************************************************/
-
-package com.v2ray.ang.plugin
-
-object PluginContract {
-
-    const val ACTION_NATIVE_PLUGIN = "io.nekohasekai.sagernet.plugin.ACTION_NATIVE_PLUGIN"
-    const val EXTRA_ENTRY = "io.nekohasekai.sagernet.plugin.EXTRA_ENTRY"
-    const val METADATA_KEY_ID = "io.nekohasekai.sagernet.plugin.id"
-    const val METADATA_KEY_EXECUTABLE_PATH = "io.nekohasekai.sagernet.plugin.executable_path"
-    const val METHOD_GET_EXECUTABLE = "sagernet:getExecutable"
-
-    const val COLUMN_PATH = "path"
-    const val COLUMN_MODE = "mode"
-    const val SCHEME = "plugin"
-}
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-/******************************************************************************
- *                                                                            *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 by nekohasekai <contact-sagernet@sekai.icu>             *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 by Max Lv <max.c.lv@gmail.com>                          *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 by Mygod Studio <contact-shadowsocks-android@mygod.be>  *
- *                                                                            *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify       *
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by       *
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or          *
- *  (at your option) any later version.                                       *
- *                                                                            *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,            *
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of             *
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the              *
- * GNU General Public License for more details.                               *
- *                                                                            *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License          *
- * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.       *
- *                                                                            *
- ******************************************************************************/
-
-package com.v2ray.ang.plugin
-
-import android.content.Intent
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager
-import com.v2ray.ang.AngApplication
-
-class PluginList : ArrayList<Plugin>() {
-    init {
-        addAll(
-            AngApplication.application.packageManager.queryIntentContentProviders(
-                Intent(PluginContract.ACTION_NATIVE_PLUGIN), PackageManager.GET_META_DATA
-            )
-                .filter { it.providerInfo.exported }.map { NativePlugin(it) })
-    }
-
-    val lookup = mutableMapOf<String, Plugin>().apply {
-        for (plugin in this@PluginList.toList()) {
-            fun check(old: Plugin?) {
-                if (old != null && old != plugin) {
-                    this@PluginList.remove(old)
-                }
-                /* if (old != null && old !== plugin) {
-                     val packages = this@PluginList.filter { it.id == plugin.id }
-                         .joinToString { it.packageName }
-                     val message = "Conflicting plugins found from: $packages"
-                     Toast.makeText(SagerNet.application, message, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
-                     throw IllegalStateException(message)
-                 }*/
-            }
-            check(put(plugin.id, plugin))
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,233 +0,0 @@
-/******************************************************************************
- *                                                                            *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 by nekohasekai <contact-AngApplication@sekai.icu>             *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 by Max Lv <max.c.lv@gmail.com>                          *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 by Mygod Studio <contact-shadowsocks-android@mygod.be>  *
- *                                                                            *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify       *
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by       *
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or          *
- *  (at your option) any later version.                                       *
- *                                                                            *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,            *
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of             *
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the              *
- * GNU General Public License for more details.                               *
- *                                                                            *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License          *
- * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.       *
- *                                                                            *
- ******************************************************************************/
-
-package com.v2ray.ang.plugin
-
-import android.annotation.SuppressLint
-import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
-import android.content.ContentResolver
-import android.content.Intent
-import android.content.pm.ComponentInfo
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager
-import android.content.pm.ProviderInfo
-import android.database.Cursor
-import android.net.Uri
-import android.os.Build
-import android.system.Os
-import android.widget.Toast
-import androidx.core.os.bundleOf
-import com.v2ray.ang.AngApplication
-import com.v2ray.ang.extension.listenForPackageChanges
-import com.v2ray.ang.plugin.PluginContract.METADATA_KEY_ID
-import java.io.File
-import java.io.FileNotFoundException
-
-object PluginManager {
-
-    class PluginNotFoundException(val plugin: String) : FileNotFoundException(plugin)
-
-    private var receiver: BroadcastReceiver? = null
-    private var cachedPlugins: PluginList? = null
-    fun fetchPlugins() = synchronized(this) {
-        if (receiver == null) receiver = AngApplication.application.listenForPackageChanges {
-            synchronized(this) {
-                receiver = null
-                cachedPlugins = null
-            }
-        }
-        if (cachedPlugins == null) cachedPlugins = PluginList()
-        cachedPlugins!!
-    }
-
-    private fun buildUri(id: String, authority: String) = Uri.Builder()
-        .scheme(PluginContract.SCHEME)
-        .authority(authority)
-        .path("/$id")
-        .build()
-
-    data class InitResult(
-        val path: String,
-    )
-
-    @Throws(Throwable::class)
-    fun init(pluginId: String): InitResult? {
-        if (pluginId.isEmpty()) return null
-        var throwable: Throwable? = null
-
-        try {
-            val result = initNative(pluginId)
-            if (result != null) return result
-        } catch (t: Throwable) {
-            if (throwable == null) throwable = t  //Logs.w(t)
-        }
-
-        throw throwable ?: PluginNotFoundException(pluginId)
-    }
-
-    private fun initNative(pluginId: String): InitResult? {
-        var flags = PackageManager.GET_META_DATA
-        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) {
-            flags =
-                flags or PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_UNAWARE or PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_AWARE
-        }
-        var providers = AngApplication.application.packageManager.queryIntentContentProviders(
-            Intent(PluginContract.ACTION_NATIVE_PLUGIN, buildUri(pluginId, "com.github.dyhkwong.AngApplication")), flags
-        )
-            .filter { it.providerInfo.exported }
-        if (providers.isEmpty()) {
-            providers = AngApplication.application.packageManager.queryIntentContentProviders(
-                Intent(PluginContract.ACTION_NATIVE_PLUGIN, buildUri(pluginId, "io.nekohasekai.AngApplication")), flags
-            )
-                .filter { it.providerInfo.exported }
-        }
-        if (providers.isEmpty()) {
-            providers = AngApplication.application.packageManager.queryIntentContentProviders(
-                Intent(PluginContract.ACTION_NATIVE_PLUGIN, buildUri(pluginId, "moe.matsuri.lite")), flags
-            )
-                .filter { it.providerInfo.exported }
-        }
-        if (providers.isEmpty()) {
-            providers = AngApplication.application.packageManager.queryIntentContentProviders(
-                Intent(PluginContract.ACTION_NATIVE_PLUGIN, buildUri(pluginId, "fr.husi")), flags
-            )
-                .filter { it.providerInfo.exported }
-        }
-        if (providers.isEmpty()) {
-            providers = AngApplication.application.packageManager.queryIntentContentProviders(
-                Intent(PluginContract.ACTION_NATIVE_PLUGIN), PackageManager.GET_META_DATA
-            ).filter {
-                it.providerInfo.exported &&
-                        it.providerInfo.metaData.containsKey(METADATA_KEY_ID) &&
-                        it.providerInfo.metaData.getString(METADATA_KEY_ID) == pluginId
-            }
-            if (providers.size > 1) {
-                providers = listOf(providers[0]) // What if there is more than one?
-            }
-        }
-        if (providers.isEmpty()) return null
-        if (providers.size > 1) {
-            val message =
-                "Conflicting plugins found from: ${providers.joinToString { it.providerInfo.packageName }}"
-            Toast.makeText(AngApplication.application, message, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
-            throw IllegalStateException(message)
-        }
-        val provider = providers.single().providerInfo
-        var failure: Throwable? = null
-        try {
-            initNativeFaster(provider)?.also { return InitResult(it) }
-        } catch (t: Throwable) {
-            //   Logs.w("Initializing native plugin faster mode failed")
-            failure = t
-        }
-
-        val uri = Uri.Builder().apply {
-            scheme(ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT)
-            authority(provider.authority)
-        }.build()
-        try {
-            return initNativeFast(
-                AngApplication.application.contentResolver,
-                pluginId,
-                uri
-            )?.let { InitResult(it) }
-        } catch (t: Throwable) {
-            //  Logs.w("Initializing native plugin fast mode failed")
-            failure?.also { t.addSuppressed(it) }
-            failure = t
-        }
-
-        try {
-            return initNativeSlow(
-                AngApplication.application.contentResolver,
-                pluginId,
-                uri
-            )?.let { InitResult(it) }
-        } catch (t: Throwable) {
-            failure?.also { t.addSuppressed(it) }
-            throw t
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun initNativeFaster(provider: ProviderInfo): String? {
-        return provider.loadString(PluginContract.METADATA_KEY_EXECUTABLE_PATH)
-            ?.let { relativePath ->
-                File(provider.applicationInfo.nativeLibraryDir).resolve(relativePath).apply {
-                    check(canExecute())
-                }.absolutePath
-            }
-    }
-
-    private fun initNativeFast(cr: ContentResolver, pluginId: String, uri: Uri): String? {
-        return cr.call(uri, PluginContract.METHOD_GET_EXECUTABLE, null, bundleOf())
-            ?.getString(PluginContract.EXTRA_ENTRY)?.also {
-                check(File(it).canExecute())
-            }
-    }
-
-    @SuppressLint("Recycle")
-    private fun initNativeSlow(cr: ContentResolver, pluginId: String, uri: Uri): String? {
-        var initialized = false
-        fun entryNotFound(): Nothing =
-            throw IndexOutOfBoundsException("Plugin entry binary not found")
-
-        val pluginDir = File(AngApplication.application.noBackupFilesDir, "plugin")
-        (cr.query(
-            uri,
-            arrayOf(PluginContract.COLUMN_PATH, PluginContract.COLUMN_MODE),
-            null,
-            null,
-            null
-        )
-            ?: return null).use { cursor ->
-            if (!cursor.moveToFirst()) entryNotFound()
-            pluginDir.deleteRecursively()
-            if (!pluginDir.mkdirs()) throw FileNotFoundException("Unable to create plugin directory")
-            val pluginDirPath = pluginDir.absolutePath + '/'
-            do {
-                val path = cursor.getString(0)
-                val file = File(pluginDir, path)
-                check(file.absolutePath.startsWith(pluginDirPath))
-                cr.openInputStream(uri.buildUpon().path(path).build())!!.use { inStream ->
-                    file.outputStream().use { outStream -> inStream.copyTo(outStream) }
-                }
-                Os.chmod(
-                    file.absolutePath, when (cursor.getType(1)) {
-                        Cursor.FIELD_TYPE_INTEGER -> cursor.getInt(1)
-                        Cursor.FIELD_TYPE_STRING -> cursor.getString(1).toInt(8)
-                        else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("File mode should be of type int")
-                    }
-                )
-                if (path == pluginId) initialized = true
-            } while (cursor.moveToNext())
-        }
-        if (!initialized) entryNotFound()
-        return File(pluginDir, pluginId).absolutePath
-    }
-
-    fun ComponentInfo.loadString(key: String) = when (val value = metaData.getString(key)) {
-        is String -> value
-        is Int -> AngApplication.application.packageManager.getResourcesForApplication(applicationInfo)
-            .getString(value)
-
-        null -> null
-        else -> error("meta-data $key has invalid type ${value.javaClass}")
-    }
-}
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-/******************************************************************************
- *                                                                            *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 by nekohasekai <contact-sagernet@sekai.icu>             *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 by Max Lv <max.c.lv@gmail.com>                          *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 by Mygod Studio <contact-shadowsocks-android@mygod.be>  *
- *                                                                            *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify       *
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by       *
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or          *
- *  (at your option) any later version.                                       *
- *                                                                            *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,            *
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of             *
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the              *
- * GNU General Public License for more details.                               *
- *                                                                            *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License          *
- * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.       *
- *                                                                            *
- ******************************************************************************/
-
-package com.v2ray.ang.plugin
-
-import android.content.pm.ComponentInfo
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager
-import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo
-import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable
-import android.os.Build
-import com.v2ray.ang.AngApplication
-import com.v2ray.ang.plugin.PluginManager.loadString
-
-abstract class ResolvedPlugin(protected val resolveInfo: ResolveInfo) : Plugin() {
-    protected abstract val componentInfo: ComponentInfo
-
-    override val id by lazy { componentInfo.loadString(PluginContract.METADATA_KEY_ID)!! }
-    override val version by lazy {
-        getPackageInfo(componentInfo.packageName).versionCode
-    }
-    override val versionName: String by lazy {
-        getPackageInfo(componentInfo.packageName).versionName!!
-    }
-    override val label: CharSequence get() = resolveInfo.loadLabel(AngApplication.application.packageManager)
-    override val icon: Drawable get() = resolveInfo.loadIcon(AngApplication.application.packageManager)
-    override val packageName: String get() = componentInfo.packageName
-    override val directBootAware get() = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 24 || componentInfo.directBootAware
-
-    fun getPackageInfo(packageName: String) = AngApplication.application.packageManager.getPackageInfo(
-        packageName, if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 28) PackageManager.GET_SIGNING_CERTIFICATES
-        else @Suppress("DEPRECATION") PackageManager.GET_SIGNATURES
-    )!!
-}
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
 import android.content.Context
 import android.content.Intent
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager
-import com.v2ray.ang.service.V2RayServiceManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2RayServiceManager

 class BootReceiver : BroadcastReceiver() {
    /**
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import android.content.Context
 import android.content.Intent
 import android.text.TextUtils
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
-import com.v2ray.ang.service.V2RayServiceManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2RayServiceManager

 class TaskerReceiver : BroadcastReceiver() {

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class TaskerReceiver : BroadcastReceiver() {
                V2RayServiceManager.stopVService(context)
            }
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            android.util.Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Error processing Tasker broadcast", e)
        }
    }
 }
@@ -6,11 +6,10 @@ import android.appwidget.AppWidgetProvider
 import android.content.ComponentName
 import android.content.Context
 import android.content.Intent
-import android.os.Build
 import android.widget.RemoteViews
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
 import com.v2ray.ang.R
-import com.v2ray.ang.service.V2RayServiceManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2RayServiceManager

 class WidgetProvider : AppWidgetProvider() {
    /**
@@ -42,11 +41,7 @@ class WidgetProvider : AppWidgetProvider() {
            context,
            R.id.layout_switch,
            intent,
-            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
-                PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE or PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT
-            } else {
-                PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT
-            }
+            PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE or PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT
        )
        remoteViews.setOnClickPendingIntent(R.id.layout_switch, pendingIntent)
        if (isRunning) {
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package com.v2ray.ang.service

 import android.content.Context
 import android.util.Log
-import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE
+import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class ProcessService {
     * @param cmd The command to run.
     */
    fun runProcess(context: Context, cmd: MutableList<String>) {
-        Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, cmd.toString())
+        Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, cmd.toString())

        try {
            val proBuilder = ProcessBuilder(cmd)
@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ class ProcessService {

            CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.IO).launch {
                Thread.sleep(50L)
-                Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, "runProcess check")
+                Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "runProcess check")
                process?.waitFor()
-                Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, "runProcess exited")
+                Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "runProcess exited")
            }
-            Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, process.toString())
+            Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, process.toString())

        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, e.toString())
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, e.toString(), e)
        }
    }

@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ class ProcessService {
     */
    fun stopProcess() {
        try {
-            Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, "runProcess destroy")
+            Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "runProcess destroy")
            process?.destroy()
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, e.toString())
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to destroy process", e)
        }
    }
 }
@@ -1,22 +1,21 @@
 package com.v2ray.ang.service

-import android.annotation.TargetApi
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
 import android.content.Context
 import android.content.Intent
 import android.content.IntentFilter
 import android.graphics.drawable.Icon
-import android.os.Build
 import android.service.quicksettings.Tile
 import android.service.quicksettings.TileService
+import android.util.Log
 import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
 import com.v2ray.ang.R
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2RayServiceManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.MessageUtil
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
 import java.lang.ref.SoftReference

-@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
 class QSTileService : TileService() {

    /**
@@ -24,14 +23,13 @@ class QSTileService : TileService() {
     * @param state The state to set.
     */
    fun setState(state: Int) {
+        qsTile?.icon = Icon.createWithResource(applicationContext, R.drawable.ic_stat_name)
        if (state == Tile.STATE_INACTIVE) {
            qsTile?.state = Tile.STATE_INACTIVE
            qsTile?.label = getString(R.string.app_name)
-            qsTile?.icon = Icon.createWithResource(applicationContext, R.drawable.ic_stat_name)
        } else if (state == Tile.STATE_ACTIVE) {
            qsTile?.state = Tile.STATE_ACTIVE
            qsTile?.label = V2RayServiceManager.getRunningServerName()
-            qsTile?.icon = Icon.createWithResource(applicationContext, R.drawable.ic_stat_name)
        }

        qsTile?.updateTile()
@@ -44,7 +42,11 @@ class QSTileService : TileService() {
    override fun onStartListening() {
        super.onStartListening()

-        setState(Tile.STATE_INACTIVE)
+        if (V2RayServiceManager.isRunning()) {
+            setState(Tile.STATE_ACTIVE)
+        } else {
+            setState(Tile.STATE_INACTIVE)
+        }
        mMsgReceive = ReceiveMessageHandler(this)
        val mFilter = IntentFilter(AppConfig.BROADCAST_ACTION_ACTIVITY)
        ContextCompat.registerReceiver(applicationContext, mMsgReceive, mFilter, Utils.receiverFlags())
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ class QSTileService : TileService() {
            applicationContext.unregisterReceiver(mMsgReceive)
            mMsgReceive = null
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to unregister receiver", e)
        }

    }
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.service
+
+import android.content.Context
+import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.SettingsManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2RayNativeManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2rayConfigManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.util.MessageUtil
+import kotlinx.coroutines.CancellationException
+import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineName
+import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.SupervisorJob
+import kotlinx.coroutines.asCoroutineDispatcher
+import kotlinx.coroutines.joinAll
+import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
+
+/**
+ * Worker that runs a batch of real-ping tests independently.
+ * Each batch owns its own CoroutineScope/dispatcher and can be cancelled separately.
+ */
+class RealPingWorkerService(
+    private val context: Context,
+    private val guids: List<String>,
+    private val onFinish: (status: String) -> Unit = {}
+) {
+    private val job = SupervisorJob()
+    private val cpu = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors().coerceAtLeast(1)
+    private val dispatcher = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(cpu * 4).asCoroutineDispatcher()
+    private val scope = CoroutineScope(job + dispatcher + CoroutineName("RealPingBatchWorker"))
+
+    private val runningCount = AtomicInteger(0)
+    private val totalCount = AtomicInteger(0)
+
+    fun start() {
+        val jobs = guids.map { guid ->
+            totalCount.incrementAndGet()
+            scope.launch {
+                runningCount.incrementAndGet()
+                try {
+                    val result = startRealPing(guid)
+                    MessageUtil.sendMsg2UI(context, AppConfig.MSG_MEASURE_CONFIG_SUCCESS, Pair(guid, result))
+                } finally {
+                    val count = totalCount.decrementAndGet()
+                    val left = runningCount.decrementAndGet()
+                    MessageUtil.sendMsg2UI(context, AppConfig.MSG_MEASURE_CONFIG_NOTIFY, "$left / $count")
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        scope.launch {
+            try {
+                joinAll(*jobs.toTypedArray())
+                onFinish("0")
+            } catch (_: CancellationException) {
+                onFinish("-1")
+            } finally {
+                close()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun cancel() {
+        job.cancel()
+    }
+
+    private fun close() {
+        try {
+            dispatcher.close()
+        } catch (_: Throwable) {
+            // ignore
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun startRealPing(guid: String): Long {
+        val retFailure = -1L
+        val configResult = V2rayConfigManager.getV2rayConfig4Speedtest(context, guid)
+        if (!configResult.status) {
+            return retFailure
+        }
+        return V2RayNativeManager.measureOutboundDelay(configResult.content, SettingsManager.getDelayTestUrl())
+    }
+}
+
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.service
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor
+import android.util.Log
+import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.SettingsManager
+import java.io.File
+
+/**
+ * Manages the tun2socks process that handles VPN traffic
+ */
+class TProxyService(
+    private val context: Context,
+    private val vpnInterface: ParcelFileDescriptor,
+    private val isRunningProvider: () -> Boolean,
+    private val restartCallback: () -> Unit
+) : Tun2SocksControl {
+    companion object {
+        @JvmStatic
+        @Suppress("FunctionName")
+        private external fun TProxyStartService(configPath: String, fd: Int)
+        @JvmStatic
+        @Suppress("FunctionName")
+        private external fun TProxyStopService()
+        @JvmStatic
+        @Suppress("FunctionName")
+        private external fun TProxyGetStats(): LongArray?
+
+        init {
+            System.loadLibrary("hev-socks5-tunnel")
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Starts the tun2socks process with the appropriate parameters.
+     */
+    override fun startTun2Socks() {
+//        Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "Starting HevSocks5Tunnel via JNI")
+
+        val configContent = buildConfig()
+        val configFile = File(context.filesDir, "hev-socks5-tunnel.yaml").apply {
+            writeText(configContent)
+        }
+//        Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "Config file created: ${configFile.absolutePath}")
+        Log.d(AppConfig.TAG, "HevSocks5Tunnel Config content:\n$configContent")
+
+        try {
+//            Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "TProxyStartService...")
+            TProxyStartService(configFile.absolutePath, vpnInterface.fd)
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "HevSocks5Tunnel exception: ${e.message}")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun buildConfig(): String {
+        val socksPort = SettingsManager.getSocksPort()
+        val vpnConfig = SettingsManager.getCurrentVpnInterfaceAddressConfig()
+        return buildString {
+            appendLine("tunnel:")
+            appendLine("  mtu: ${SettingsManager.getVpnMtu()}")
+            appendLine("  ipv4: ${vpnConfig.ipv4Client}")
+
+            if (MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_PREFER_IPV6)) {
+                appendLine("  ipv6: '${vpnConfig.ipv6Client}'")
+            }
+
+            appendLine("socks5:")
+            appendLine("  port: ${socksPort}")
+            appendLine("  address: ${AppConfig.LOOPBACK}")
+            appendLine("  udp: 'udp'")
+
+            // Read-write timeout settings
+            val timeoutSetting = MmkvManager.decodeSettingsString(AppConfig.PREF_HEV_TUNNEL_RW_TIMEOUT) ?: AppConfig.HEVTUN_RW_TIMEOUT
+            val parts = timeoutSetting.split(",")
+                .map { it.trim() }
+                .filter { it.isNotEmpty() }
+            val tcpTimeout = parts.getOrNull(0)?.toIntOrNull() ?: 300
+            val udpTimeout = parts.getOrNull(1)?.toIntOrNull() ?: 60
+
+            appendLine("misc:")
+            appendLine("  tcp-read-write-timeout: ${tcpTimeout * 1000}")
+            appendLine("  udp-read-write-timeout: ${udpTimeout * 1000}")
+            appendLine("  log-level: ${MmkvManager.decodeSettingsString(AppConfig.PREF_HEV_TUNNEL_LOGLEVEL) ?: "warn"}")
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stops the tun2socks process
+     */
+    override fun stopTun2Socks() {
+        try {
+            Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, "TProxyStopService...")
+            TProxyStopService()
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to stop hev-socks5-tunnel", e)
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.service
+
+/**
+ * Interface that defines the control operations for tun2socks implementations.
+ * 
+ * This interface is implemented by different tunnel solutions like:
+ */
+interface Tun2SocksControl {
+    /**
+     * Starts the tun2socks process with the appropriate parameters.
+     * This initializes the VPN tunnel and connects it to the SOCKS proxy.
+     */
+    fun startTun2Socks()
+    
+    /**
+     * Stops the tun2socks process and cleans up resources.
+     */
+    fun stopTun2Socks()
+}
@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@ package com.v2ray.ang.service
 import android.app.Service
 import android.content.Context
 import android.content.Intent
-import android.os.Build
 import android.os.IBinder
-import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.SettingsManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2RayServiceManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.MyContextWrapper
 import java.lang.ref.SoftReference

@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ class V2RayProxyOnlyService : Service(), ServiceControl {
     * @return The start mode.
     */
    override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {
-        V2RayServiceManager.startV2rayPoint()
+        V2RayServiceManager.startCoreLoop(null)
        return START_STICKY
    }

@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ class V2RayProxyOnlyService : Service(), ServiceControl {
     */
    override fun onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy()
-        V2RayServiceManager.stopV2rayPoint()
+        V2RayServiceManager.stopCoreLoop()
    }

    /**
@@ -83,7 +82,6 @@ class V2RayProxyOnlyService : Service(), ServiceControl {
     * Attaches the base context to the service.
     * @param newBase The new base context.
     */
-    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
    override fun attachBaseContext(newBase: Context?) {
        val context = newBase?.let {
            MyContextWrapper.wrap(newBase, SettingsManager.getLocale())
@@ -3,60 +3,25 @@ package com.v2ray.ang.service
 import android.app.Service
 import android.content.Intent
 import android.os.IBinder
+import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.MSG_MEASURE_CONFIG
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.MSG_MEASURE_CONFIG_CANCEL
-import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.MSG_MEASURE_CONFIG_SUCCESS
-import com.v2ray.ang.dto.EConfigType
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.serializable
-import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager
-import com.v2ray.ang.handler.SpeedtestManager
-import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2rayConfigManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2RayNativeManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.MessageUtil
-import com.v2ray.ang.util.PluginUtil
-import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
-import go.Seq
-import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
-import kotlinx.coroutines.Job
-import kotlinx.coroutines.asCoroutineDispatcher
-import kotlinx.coroutines.cancelChildren
-import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
-import libv2ray.Libv2ray
-import java.util.concurrent.Executors
+import java.util.Collections

 class V2RayTestService : Service() {
-    private val realTestScope by lazy { CoroutineScope(Executors.newFixedThreadPool(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()).asCoroutineDispatcher()) }
+
+    // manage active batch workers so each batch is independent and cancellable
+    private val activeWorkers = Collections.synchronizedList(mutableListOf<RealPingWorkerService>())

    /**
     * Initializes the V2Ray environment.
     */
    override fun onCreate() {
        super.onCreate()
-        Seq.setContext(this)
-        Libv2ray.initV2Env(Utils.userAssetPath(this), Utils.getDeviceIdForXUDPBaseKey())
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Handles the start command for the service.
-     * @param intent The intent.
-     * @param flags The flags.
-     * @param startId The start ID.
-     * @return The start mode.
-     */
-    override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {
-        when (intent?.getIntExtra("key", 0)) {
-            MSG_MEASURE_CONFIG -> {
-                val guid = intent.serializable<String>("content") ?: ""
-                realTestScope.launch {
-                    val result = startRealPing(guid)
-                    MessageUtil.sendMsg2UI(this@V2RayTestService, MSG_MEASURE_CONFIG_SUCCESS, Pair(guid, result))
-                }
-            }
-
-            MSG_MEASURE_CONFIG_CANCEL -> {
-                realTestScope.coroutineContext[Job]?.cancelChildren()
-            }
-        }
-        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId)
+        V2RayNativeManager.initCoreEnv(this)
    }

    /**
@@ -69,23 +34,46 @@ class V2RayTestService : Service() {
    }

    /**
-     * Starts the real ping test.
-     * @param guid The GUID of the configuration.
-     * @return The ping result.
+     * Cleans up resources when the service is destroyed.
     */
-    private fun startRealPing(guid: String): Long {
-        val retFailure = -1L
-
-        val config = MmkvManager.decodeServerConfig(guid) ?: return retFailure
-        if (config.configType == EConfigType.HYSTERIA2) {
-            val delay = PluginUtil.realPingHy2(this, config)
-            return delay
-        } else {
-            val config = V2rayConfigManager.getV2rayConfig(this, guid)
-            if (!config.status) {
-                return retFailure
-            }
-            return SpeedtestManager.realPing(config.content)
-        }
+    override fun onDestroy() {
+        super.onDestroy()
+        // cancel any active workers
+        val snapshot = ArrayList(activeWorkers)
+        snapshot.forEach { it.cancel() }
+        activeWorkers.clear()
    }
-}
+
+    /**
+     * Handles the start command for the service.
+     * @param intent The intent.
+     * @param flags The flags.
+     * @param startId The start ID.
+     * @return The start mode.
+     */
+    override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {
+        when (intent?.getIntExtra("key", 0)) {
+            MSG_MEASURE_CONFIG -> {
+                val guidsList = intent.serializable<ArrayList<String>>("content")
+                if (guidsList != null && guidsList.isNotEmpty()) {
+                    lateinit var worker: RealPingWorkerService
+                    worker = RealPingWorkerService(this, guidsList) { status ->
+                        // notify UI and remove the worker from active list when finished
+                        MessageUtil.sendMsg2UI(this@V2RayTestService, AppConfig.MSG_MEASURE_CONFIG_FINISH, status)
+                        activeWorkers.remove(worker)
+                    }
+                    activeWorkers.add(worker)
+                    worker.start()
+                }
+            }
+
+            MSG_MEASURE_CONFIG_CANCEL -> {
+                // cancel all running batch workers independently
+                val snapshot = ArrayList(activeWorkers)
+                snapshot.forEach { it.cancel() }
+                activeWorkers.clear()
+            }
+        }
+        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId)
+    }
+}
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ import android.content.Context
 import android.content.Intent
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager
-import android.net.LocalSocket
-import android.net.LocalSocketAddress
 import android.net.Network
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.net.NetworkRequest
@@ -18,33 +16,20 @@ import android.os.StrictMode
 import android.util.Log
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
-import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.LOOPBACK
 import com.v2ray.ang.BuildConfig
-import com.v2ray.ang.R
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.NotificationManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.SettingsManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2RayServiceManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.MyContextWrapper
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
-import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
-import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
-import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
-import java.io.File
 import java.lang.ref.SoftReference

 class V2RayVpnService : VpnService(), ServiceControl {
-    companion object {
-        private const val VPN_MTU = 1500
-        private const val PRIVATE_VLAN4_CLIENT = "10.10.14.1"
-        private const val PRIVATE_VLAN4_ROUTER = "10.10.14.2"
-        private const val PRIVATE_VLAN6_CLIENT = "fc00::10:10:14:1"
-        private const val PRIVATE_VLAN6_ROUTER = "fc00::10:10:14:2"
-        private const val TUN2SOCKS = "libtun2socks.so"
-    }
-
    private lateinit var mInterface: ParcelFileDescriptor
    private var isRunning = false
-    private lateinit var process: Process
+    private var tun2SocksService: Tun2SocksControl? = null

    /**destroy
     * Unfortunately registerDefaultNetworkCallback is going to return our VPN interface: https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/dda156ab0c5d66ad82bdcf76cda07cbc0a9c8a2e
@@ -101,11 +86,12 @@ class V2RayVpnService : VpnService(), ServiceControl {

    override fun onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy()
-        NotificationService.cancelNotification()
+        NotificationManager.cancelNotification()
    }

    override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {
-        V2RayServiceManager.startV2rayPoint()
+        setupVpnService()
+        startService()
        return START_STICKY
        //return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId)
    }
@@ -115,7 +101,11 @@ class V2RayVpnService : VpnService(), ServiceControl {
    }

    override fun startService() {
-        setup()
+        if (mInterface == null) {
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to create VPN interface")
+            return
+        }
+        V2RayServiceManager.startCoreLoop(mInterface)
    }

    override fun stopService() {
@@ -126,7 +116,6 @@ class V2RayVpnService : VpnService(), ServiceControl {
        return protect(socket)
    }

-    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
    override fun attachBaseContext(newBase: Context?) {
        val context = newBase?.let {
            MyContextWrapper.wrap(newBase, SettingsManager.getLocale())
@@ -138,13 +127,13 @@ class V2RayVpnService : VpnService(), ServiceControl {
     * Sets up the VPN service.
     * Prepares the VPN and configures it if preparation is successful.
     */
-    private fun setup() {
+    private fun setupVpnService() {
        val prepare = prepare(this)
        if (prepare != null) {
            return
        }

-        if (setupVpnService() != true) {
+        if (configureVpnService() != true) {
            return
        }

@@ -155,18 +144,54 @@ class V2RayVpnService : VpnService(), ServiceControl {
     * Configures the VPN service.
     * @return True if the VPN service was configured successfully, false otherwise.
     */
-    private fun setupVpnService(): Boolean {
-        // If the old interface has exactly the same parameters, use it!
-        // Configure a builder while parsing the parameters.
+    private fun configureVpnService(): Boolean {
        val builder = Builder()
-        //val enableLocalDns = defaultDPreference.getPrefBoolean(AppConfig.PREF_LOCAL_DNS_ENABLED, false)

-        builder.setMtu(VPN_MTU)
-        builder.addAddress(PRIVATE_VLAN4_CLIENT, 30)
-        //builder.addDnsServer(PRIVATE_VLAN4_ROUTER)
+        // Configure network settings (addresses, routing and DNS)
+        configureNetworkSettings(builder)
+
+        // Configure app-specific settings (session name and per-app proxy)
+        configurePerAppProxy(builder)
+
+        // Close the old interface since the parameters have been changed
+        try {
+            mInterface.close()
+        } catch (ignored: Exception) {
+            // ignored
+        }
+
+        // Configure platform-specific features
+        configurePlatformFeatures(builder)
+
+        // Create a new interface using the builder and save the parameters
+        try {
+            mInterface = builder.establish()!!
+            isRunning = true
+            return true
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to establish VPN interface", e)
+            stopV2Ray()
+        }
+        return false
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Configures the basic network settings for the VPN.
+     * This includes IP addresses, routing rules, and DNS servers.
+     *
+     * @param builder The VPN Builder to configure
+     */
+    private fun configureNetworkSettings(builder: Builder) {
+        val vpnConfig = SettingsManager.getCurrentVpnInterfaceAddressConfig()
        val bypassLan = SettingsManager.routingRulesetsBypassLan()
+
+        // Configure IPv4 settings
+        builder.setMtu(SettingsManager.getVpnMtu())
+        builder.addAddress(vpnConfig.ipv4Client, 30)
+
+        // Configure routing rules
        if (bypassLan) {
-            resources.getStringArray(R.array.bypass_private_ip_address).forEach {
+            AppConfig.ROUTED_IP_LIST.forEach {
                val addr = it.split('/')
                builder.addRoute(addr[0], addr[1].toInt())
            }
@@ -174,81 +199,97 @@ class V2RayVpnService : VpnService(), ServiceControl {
            builder.addRoute("0.0.0.0", 0)
        }

+        // Configure IPv6 if enabled
        if (MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_PREFER_IPV6) == true) {
-            builder.addAddress(PRIVATE_VLAN6_CLIENT, 126)
+            builder.addAddress(vpnConfig.ipv6Client, 126)
            if (bypassLan) {
-                builder.addRoute("2000::", 3) //currently only 1/8 of total ipV6 is in use
+                builder.addRoute("2000::", 3) // Currently only 1/8 of total IPv6 is in use
+                builder.addRoute("fc00::", 18) // Xray-core default FakeIPv6 Pool
            } else {
                builder.addRoute("::", 0)
            }
        }

-//        if (MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_LOCAL_DNS_ENABLED) == true) {
-//            builder.addDnsServer(PRIVATE_VLAN4_ROUTER)
-//        } else {
-        SettingsManager.getVpnDnsServers()
-            .forEach {
-                if (Utils.isPureIpAddress(it)) {
-                    builder.addDnsServer(it)
-                }
+        // Configure DNS servers
+        //if (MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_LOCAL_DNS_ENABLED) == true) {
+        //  builder.addDnsServer(PRIVATE_VLAN4_ROUTER)
+        //} else {
+        SettingsManager.getVpnDnsServers().forEach {
+            if (Utils.isPureIpAddress(it)) {
+                builder.addDnsServer(it)
            }
-//        }
+        }

        builder.setSession(V2RayServiceManager.getRunningServerName())
+    }

-        val selfPackageName = BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID
-        if (MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_PER_APP_PROXY)) {
-            val apps = MmkvManager.decodeSettingsStringSet(AppConfig.PREF_PER_APP_PROXY_SET)
-            val bypassApps = MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_BYPASS_APPS)
-            //process self package
-            if (bypassApps) apps?.add(selfPackageName) else apps?.remove(selfPackageName)
-            apps?.forEach {
-                try {
-                    if (bypassApps)
-                        builder.addDisallowedApplication(it)
-                    else
-                        builder.addAllowedApplication(it)
-                } catch (e: PackageManager.NameNotFoundException) {
-                    Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, "setup error : --${e.localizedMessage}")
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            builder.addDisallowedApplication(selfPackageName)
-        }
-
-        // Close the old interface since the parameters have been changed.
-        try {
-            mInterface.close()
-        } catch (ignored: Exception) {
-            // ignored
-        }
-
+    /**
+     * Configures platform-specific VPN features for different Android versions.
+     *
+     * @param builder The VPN Builder to configure
+     */
+    private fun configurePlatformFeatures(builder: Builder) {
+        // Android P (API 28) and above: Configure network callbacks
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.P) {
            try {
                connectivity.requestNetwork(defaultNetworkRequest, defaultNetworkCallback)
            } catch (e: Exception) {
-                e.printStackTrace()
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to request default network", e)
            }
        }

+        // Android Q (API 29) and above: Configure metering and HTTP proxy
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
            builder.setMetered(false)
            if (MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_APPEND_HTTP_PROXY)) {
                builder.setHttpProxy(ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy(LOOPBACK, SettingsManager.getHttpPort()))
            }
        }
+    }

-        // Create a new interface using the builder and save the parameters.
-        try {
-            mInterface = builder.establish()!!
-            isRunning = true
-            return true
-        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            // non-nullable lateinit var
-            e.printStackTrace()
-            stopV2Ray()
+    /**
+     * Configures per-app proxy rules for the VPN builder.
+     *
+     * - If per-app proxy is not enabled, disallow the VPN service's own package.
+     * - If no apps are selected, disallow the VPN service's own package.
+     * - If bypass mode is enabled, disallow all selected apps (including self).
+     * - If proxy mode is enabled, only allow the selected apps (excluding self).
+     *
+     * @param builder The VPN Builder to configure.
+     */
+    private fun configurePerAppProxy(builder: Builder) {
+        val selfPackageName = BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID
+
+        // If per-app proxy is not enabled, disallow the VPN service's own package and return
+        if (MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_PER_APP_PROXY) == false) {
+            builder.addDisallowedApplication(selfPackageName)
+            return
+        }
+
+        // If no apps are selected, disallow the VPN service's own package and return
+        val apps = MmkvManager.decodeSettingsStringSet(AppConfig.PREF_PER_APP_PROXY_SET)
+        if (apps.isNullOrEmpty()) {
+            builder.addDisallowedApplication(selfPackageName)
+            return
+        }
+
+        val bypassApps = MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_BYPASS_APPS)
+        // Handle the VPN service's own package according to the mode
+        if (bypassApps) apps.add(selfPackageName) else apps.remove(selfPackageName)
+
+        apps.forEach {
+            try {
+                if (bypassApps) {
+                    // In bypass mode, disallow the selected apps
+                    builder.addDisallowedApplication(it)
+                } else {
+                    // In proxy mode, only allow the selected apps
+                    builder.addAllowedApplication(it)
+                }
+            } catch (e: PackageManager.NameNotFoundException) {
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to configure app in VPN: ${e.localizedMessage}", e)
+            }
        }
-        return false
    }

    /**
@@ -256,78 +297,18 @@ class V2RayVpnService : VpnService(), ServiceControl {
     * Starts the tun2socks process with the appropriate parameters.
     */
    private fun runTun2socks() {
-        val socksPort = SettingsManager.getSocksPort()
-        val cmd = arrayListOf(
-            File(applicationContext.applicationInfo.nativeLibraryDir, TUN2SOCKS).absolutePath,
-            "--netif-ipaddr", PRIVATE_VLAN4_ROUTER,
-            "--netif-netmask", "255.255.255.252",
-            "--socks-server-addr", "$LOOPBACK:${socksPort}",
-            "--tunmtu", VPN_MTU.toString(),
-            "--sock-path", "sock_path",//File(applicationContext.filesDir, "sock_path").absolutePath,
-            "--enable-udprelay",
-            "--loglevel", "notice"
-        )
-
-        if (MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_PREFER_IPV6)) {
-            cmd.add("--netif-ip6addr")
-            cmd.add(PRIVATE_VLAN6_ROUTER)
+        if (SettingsManager.isUsingHevTun()) {
+            tun2SocksService = TProxyService(
+                context = applicationContext,
+                vpnInterface = mInterface,
+                isRunningProvider = { isRunning },
+                restartCallback = { runTun2socks() }
+            )
+        } else {
+            tun2SocksService = null
        }
-        if (MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_LOCAL_DNS_ENABLED)) {
-            val localDnsPort = Utils.parseInt(MmkvManager.decodeSettingsString(AppConfig.PREF_LOCAL_DNS_PORT), AppConfig.PORT_LOCAL_DNS.toInt())
-            cmd.add("--dnsgw")
-            cmd.add("$LOOPBACK:${localDnsPort}")
-        }
-        Log.d(packageName, cmd.toString())

-        try {
-            val proBuilder = ProcessBuilder(cmd)
-            proBuilder.redirectErrorStream(true)
-            process = proBuilder
-                .directory(applicationContext.filesDir)
-                .start()
-            Thread {
-                Log.d(packageName, "$TUN2SOCKS check")
-                process.waitFor()
-                Log.d(packageName, "$TUN2SOCKS exited")
-                if (isRunning) {
-                    Log.d(packageName, "$TUN2SOCKS restart")
-                    runTun2socks()
-                }
-            }.start()
-            Log.d(packageName, process.toString())
-
-            sendFd()
-        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Log.d(packageName, e.toString())
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sends the file descriptor to the tun2socks process.
-     * Attempts to send the file descriptor multiple times if necessary.
-     */
-    private fun sendFd() {
-        val fd = mInterface.fileDescriptor
-        val path = File(applicationContext.filesDir, "sock_path").absolutePath
-        Log.d(packageName, path)
-
-        CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.IO).launch {
-            var tries = 0
-            while (true) try {
-                Thread.sleep(50L shl tries)
-                Log.d(packageName, "sendFd tries: $tries")
-                LocalSocket().use { localSocket ->
-                    localSocket.connect(LocalSocketAddress(path, LocalSocketAddress.Namespace.FILESYSTEM))
-                    localSocket.setFileDescriptorsForSend(arrayOf(fd))
-                    localSocket.outputStream.write(42)
-                }
-                break
-            } catch (e: Exception) {
-                Log.d(packageName, e.toString())
-                if (tries > 5) break
-                tries += 1
-            }
-        }
+        tun2SocksService?.startTun2Socks()
    }

    /**
@@ -348,14 +329,10 @@ class V2RayVpnService : VpnService(), ServiceControl {
            }
        }

-        try {
-            Log.d(packageName, "tun2socks destroy")
-            process.destroy()
-        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Log.d(packageName, e.toString())
-        }
+        tun2SocksService?.stopTun2Socks()
+        tun2SocksService = null

-        V2RayServiceManager.stopV2rayPoint()
+        V2RayServiceManager.stopCoreLoop()

        if (isForced) {
            //stopSelf has to be called ahead of mInterface.close(). otherwise v2ray core cannot be stooped
@@ -367,9 +344,10 @@ class V2RayVpnService : VpnService(), ServiceControl {

            try {
                mInterface.close()
-            } catch (ignored: Exception) {
-                // ignored
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to close VPN interface", e)
            }
        }
    }
 }
+
@@ -1,110 +1,31 @@
 package com.v2ray.ang.ui

-import android.Manifest
-import android.content.Intent
-import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Bundle
-import android.util.Log
-import android.widget.Toast
-import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts
-import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
-import androidx.core.content.FileProvider
-import com.tencent.mmkv.MMKV
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
 import com.v2ray.ang.BuildConfig
 import com.v2ray.ang.R
 import com.v2ray.ang.databinding.ActivityAboutBinding
-import com.v2ray.ang.handler.SpeedtestManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2RayNativeManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
-import com.v2ray.ang.util.ZipUtil
-import java.io.File
-import java.text.SimpleDateFormat
-import java.util.Locale

 class AboutActivity : BaseActivity() {
-
    private val binding by lazy { ActivityAboutBinding.inflate(layoutInflater) }
-    private val extDir by lazy { File(Utils.backupPath(this)) }
-
-    private val requestPermissionLauncher =
-        registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.RequestPermission()) { isGranted ->
-            if (isGranted) {
-                try {
-                    showFileChooser()
-                } catch (e: Exception) {
-                    e.printStackTrace()
-                }
-            } else {
-                toast(R.string.toast_permission_denied)
-            }
-        }

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
-        setContentView(binding.root)
-
-        title = getString(R.string.title_about)
-
-        binding.tvBackupSummary.text = this.getString(R.string.summary_configuration_backup, extDir)
-
-        binding.layoutBackup.setOnClickListener {
-            val ret = backupConfiguration(extDir.absolutePath)
-            if (ret.first) {
-                toast(R.string.toast_success)
-            } else {
-                toast(R.string.toast_failure)
-            }
-        }
-
-        binding.layoutShare.setOnClickListener {
-            val ret = backupConfiguration(cacheDir.absolutePath)
-            if (ret.first) {
-                startActivity(
-                    Intent.createChooser(
-                        Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND).setType("application/zip")
-                            .setFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION)
-                            .putExtra(
-                                Intent.EXTRA_STREAM,
-                                FileProvider.getUriForFile(
-                                    this, BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID + ".cache", File(ret.second)
-                                )
-                            ), getString(R.string.title_configuration_share)
-                    )
-                )
-            } else {
-                toast(R.string.toast_failure)
-            }
-        }
-
-        binding.layoutRestore.setOnClickListener {
-            val permission =
-                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
-                    Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES
-                } else {
-                    Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
-                }
-
-            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) == android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
-                try {
-                    showFileChooser()
-                } catch (e: Exception) {
-                    e.printStackTrace()
-                }
-            } else {
-                requestPermissionLauncher.launch(permission)
-            }
-        }
+        //setContentView(binding.root)
+        setContentViewWithToolbar(binding.root, showHomeAsUp = true, title = getString(R.string.title_about))

        binding.layoutSoureCcode.setOnClickListener {
-            Utils.openUri(this, AppConfig.v2rayNGUrl)
+            Utils.openUri(this, AppConfig.APP_URL)
        }

        binding.layoutFeedback.setOnClickListener {
-            Utils.openUri(this, AppConfig.v2rayNGIssues)
+            Utils.openUri(this, AppConfig.APP_ISSUES_URL)
        }

        binding.layoutOssLicenses.setOnClickListener {
-            val webView = android.webkit.WebView(this);
+            val webView = android.webkit.WebView(this)
            webView.loadUrl("file:///android_asset/open_source_licenses.html")
            android.app.AlertDialog.Builder(this)
                .setTitle("Open source licenses")
@@ -114,89 +35,18 @@ class AboutActivity : BaseActivity() {
        }

        binding.layoutTgChannel.setOnClickListener {
-            Utils.openUri(this, AppConfig.TgChannelUrl)
+            Utils.openUri(this, AppConfig.TG_CHANNEL_URL)
        }

        binding.layoutPrivacyPolicy.setOnClickListener {
-            Utils.openUri(this, AppConfig.v2rayNGPrivacyPolicy)
+            Utils.openUri(this, AppConfig.APP_PRIVACY_POLICY)
        }

-        "v${BuildConfig.VERSION_NAME} (${SpeedtestManager.getLibVersion()})".also {
+        "v${BuildConfig.VERSION_NAME} (${V2RayNativeManager.getLibVersion()})".also {
            binding.tvVersion.text = it
        }
-    }
-
-    fun backupConfiguration(outputZipFilePos: String): Pair<Boolean, String> {
-        val dateFormated = SimpleDateFormat(
-            "yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss",
-            Locale.getDefault()
-        ).format(System.currentTimeMillis())
-        val folderName = "${getString(R.string.app_name)}_${dateFormated}"
-        val backupDir = this.cacheDir.absolutePath + "/$folderName"
-        val outputZipFilePath = "$outputZipFilePos/$folderName.zip"
-
-        val count = MMKV.backupAllToDirectory(backupDir)
-        if (count <= 0) {
-            return Pair(false, "")
+        BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID.also {
+            binding.tvAppId.text = it
        }
-
-        if (ZipUtil.zipFromFolder(backupDir, outputZipFilePath)) {
-            return Pair(true, outputZipFilePath)
-        } else {
-            return Pair(false, "")
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun restoreConfiguration(zipFile: File): Boolean {
-        val backupDir = this.cacheDir.absolutePath + "/${System.currentTimeMillis()}"
-
-        if (!ZipUtil.unzipToFolder(zipFile, backupDir)) {
-            return false
-        }
-
-        val count = MMKV.restoreAllFromDirectory(backupDir)
-        return count > 0
-    }
-
-    private fun showFileChooser() {
-        val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT).apply {
-            type = "*/*"
-            addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE)
-        }
-
-        try {
-            chooseFile.launch(Intent.createChooser(intent, getString(R.string.title_file_chooser)))
-        } catch (ex: android.content.ActivityNotFoundException) {
-            Log.e(AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE, "File chooser activity not found: ${ex.message}", ex)
-            toast(R.string.toast_require_file_manager)
-        }
-    }
-
-    private val chooseFile =
-        registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult()) { result ->
-            val uri = result.data?.data
-            if (result.resultCode == RESULT_OK && uri != null) {
-                try {
-                    val targetFile =
-                        File(this.cacheDir.absolutePath, "${System.currentTimeMillis()}.zip")
-                    contentResolver.openInputStream(uri).use { input ->
-                        targetFile.outputStream().use { fileOut ->
-                            input?.copyTo(fileOut)
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if (restoreConfiguration(targetFile)) {
-                        toast(R.string.toast_success)
-                    } else {
-                        toast(R.string.toast_failure)
-                    }
-                } catch (e: Exception) {
-                    Log.e(AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE, "Error during file restore: ${e.message}", e)
-                    toast(R.string.toast_failure)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-    private fun toast(messageResId: Int) {
-        Toast.makeText(this, getString(messageResId), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
    }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.ui
+
+import android.Manifest
+import android.app.AlertDialog
+import android.content.ActivityNotFoundException
+import android.content.Intent
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Bundle
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts
+import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
+import androidx.core.content.FileProvider
+import androidx.lifecycle.lifecycleScope
+import com.tencent.mmkv.MMKV
+import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
+import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.WEBDAV_BACKUP_FILE_NAME
+import com.v2ray.ang.BuildConfig
+import com.v2ray.ang.R
+import com.v2ray.ang.databinding.ActivityBackupBinding
+import com.v2ray.ang.databinding.DialogWebdavBinding
+import com.v2ray.ang.dto.WebDavConfig
+import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toast
+import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toastError
+import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toastSuccess
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.SettingsChangeManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.WebDavManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.util.ZipUtil
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
+import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
+import java.io.File
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat
+import java.util.Locale
+
+class BackupActivity : BaseActivity() {
+    private val binding by lazy { ActivityBackupBinding.inflate(layoutInflater) }
+
+    private val config_backup_options: Array<out String> by lazy {
+        resources.getStringArray(R.array.config_backup_options)
+    }
+
+    private val requestPermissionLauncher =
+        registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.RequestPermission()) { isGranted ->
+            if (isGranted) {
+                try {
+                    showFileChooser()
+                } catch (e: Exception) {
+                    Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to show file chooser", e)
+                }
+            } else {
+                toast(R.string.toast_permission_denied)
+            }
+        }
+
+    private val createBackupFile =
+        registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.CreateDocument("application/zip")) { uri ->
+            if (uri != null) {
+                try {
+                    val ret = backupConfigurationToCache()
+                    if (ret.first) {
+                        // Copy the cached zip file to user-selected location
+                        contentResolver.openOutputStream(uri)?.use { output ->
+                            File(ret.second).inputStream().use { input ->
+                                input.copyTo(output)
+                            }
+                        }
+                        // Clean up cache file
+                        File(ret.second).delete()
+                        toastSuccess(R.string.toast_success)
+                    } else {
+                        toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
+                    }
+                } catch (e: Exception) {
+                    Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to backup configuration", e)
+                    toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
+        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
+       //setContentView(binding.root)
+        setContentViewWithToolbar(binding.root, showHomeAsUp = true, title = getString(R.string.title_configuration_backup_restore))
+
+        binding.layoutBackup.setOnClickListener {
+            AlertDialog.Builder(this)
+                .setTitle(R.string.title_configuration_backup)
+                .setItems(config_backup_options) { dialog, which ->
+                    when (which) {
+                        0 -> backupViaLocal()
+                        1 -> backupViaWebDav()
+                    }
+                }
+                .show()
+        }
+
+        binding.layoutShare.setOnClickListener {
+            val ret = backupConfigurationToCache()
+            if (ret.first) {
+                startActivity(
+                    Intent.createChooser(
+                        Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND).setType("application/zip")
+                            .setFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION)
+                            .putExtra(
+                                Intent.EXTRA_STREAM,
+                                FileProvider.getUriForFile(
+                                    this, BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID + ".cache", File(ret.second)
+                                )
+                            ), getString(R.string.title_configuration_share)
+                    )
+                )
+            } else {
+                toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
+            }
+        }
+
+        binding.layoutRestore.setOnClickListener {
+            AlertDialog.Builder(this)
+                .setTitle(R.string.title_configuration_restore)
+                .setItems(config_backup_options) { dialog, which ->
+                    when (which) {
+                        0 -> restoreViaLocal()
+                        1 -> restoreViaWebDav()
+                    }
+                }
+                .show()
+        }
+
+        binding.layoutWebdavConfigSetting.setOnClickListener {
+            showWebDavSettingsDialog()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Backup configuration to cache directory
+     * Returns Pair<success, zipFilePath>
+     */
+    private fun backupConfigurationToCache(): Pair<Boolean, String> {
+        val dateFormatted = SimpleDateFormat(
+            "yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss",
+            Locale.getDefault()
+        ).format(System.currentTimeMillis())
+        val folderName = "${getString(R.string.app_name)}_${dateFormatted}"
+        val backupDir = this.cacheDir.absolutePath + "/$folderName"
+        val outputZipFilePath = "${this.cacheDir.absolutePath}/$folderName.zip"
+
+        val count = MMKV.backupAllToDirectory(backupDir)
+        if (count <= 0) {
+            return Pair(false, "")
+        }
+
+        if (ZipUtil.zipFromFolder(backupDir, outputZipFilePath)) {
+            return Pair(true, outputZipFilePath)
+        } else {
+            return Pair(false, "")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun restoreConfiguration(zipFile: File): Boolean {
+        val backupDir = this.cacheDir.absolutePath + "/${System.currentTimeMillis()}"
+
+        if (!ZipUtil.unzipToFolder(zipFile, backupDir)) {
+            return false
+        }
+
+        val count = MMKV.restoreAllFromDirectory(backupDir)
+        SettingsChangeManager.makeSetupGroupTab()
+        SettingsChangeManager.makeRestartService()
+        return count > 0
+    }
+
+    private fun showFileChooser() {
+        val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT).apply {
+            type = "*/*"
+            addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE)
+        }
+
+        try {
+            chooseFile.launch(Intent.createChooser(intent, getString(R.string.title_file_chooser)))
+        } catch (ex: ActivityNotFoundException) {
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "File chooser activity not found", ex)
+            toast(R.string.toast_require_file_manager)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private val chooseFile =
+        registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult()) { result ->
+            val uri = result.data?.data
+            if (result.resultCode == RESULT_OK && uri != null) {
+                try {
+                    val targetFile =
+                        File(this.cacheDir.absolutePath, "${System.currentTimeMillis()}.zip")
+                    contentResolver.openInputStream(uri).use { input ->
+                        targetFile.outputStream().use { fileOut ->
+                            input?.copyTo(fileOut)
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (restoreConfiguration(targetFile)) {
+                        toastSuccess(R.string.toast_success)
+                    } else {
+                        toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
+                    }
+                } catch (e: Exception) {
+                    Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Error during file restore", e)
+                    toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+    private fun backupViaLocal() {
+        val dateFormatted = SimpleDateFormat(
+            "yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss",
+            Locale.getDefault()
+        ).format(System.currentTimeMillis())
+        val defaultFileName = "${getString(R.string.app_name)}_${dateFormatted}.zip"
+        createBackupFile.launch(defaultFileName)
+    }
+
+    private fun restoreViaLocal() {
+        val permission =
+            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
+                Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES
+            } else {
+                Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
+            }
+        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+            try {
+                showFileChooser()
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to show file chooser", e)
+            }
+        } else {
+            requestPermissionLauncher.launch(permission)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun backupViaWebDav() {
+        val saved = MmkvManager.decodeWebDavConfig()
+        if (saved == null || saved.baseUrl.isEmpty()) {
+            toastError(R.string.title_webdav_config_setting_unknown)
+            return
+        }
+
+        showLoading()
+
+        lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
+            var tempFile: File? = null
+            try {
+                val ret = backupConfigurationToCache()
+                if (!ret.first) {
+                    withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
+                        toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
+                    }
+                    return@launch
+                }
+
+                tempFile = File(ret.second)
+                WebDavManager.init(saved)
+
+                val ok = try {
+                    WebDavManager.uploadFile(tempFile, WEBDAV_BACKUP_FILE_NAME)
+                } catch (e: Exception) {
+                    Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "WebDAV upload error", e)
+                    false
+                }
+
+                withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
+                    if (ok) toastSuccess(R.string.toast_success) else toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
+                }
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "WebDAV backup error", e)
+                withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
+                    toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
+                }
+            } finally {
+                try {
+                    tempFile?.delete()
+                } catch (_: Exception) {
+                }
+                withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
+                    hideLoading()
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun restoreViaWebDav() {
+        val saved = MmkvManager.decodeWebDavConfig()
+        if (saved == null || saved.baseUrl.isEmpty()) {
+            toastError(R.string.title_webdav_config_setting_unknown)
+            return
+        }
+
+        showLoading()
+
+        lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
+            var target: File? = null
+            try {
+                target = File(cacheDir, "download_${System.currentTimeMillis()}.zip")
+                WebDavManager.init(saved)
+                val ok = WebDavManager.downloadFile(WEBDAV_BACKUP_FILE_NAME, target)
+                if (!ok) {
+                    withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
+                        toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
+                    }
+                    return@launch
+                }
+
+                val restored = restoreConfiguration(target)
+                withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
+                    if (restored) {
+                        toastSuccess(R.string.toast_success)
+                    } else {
+                        toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "WebDAV download error", e)
+                withContext(Dispatchers.Main) { toastError(R.string.toast_failure) }
+            } finally {
+                try {
+                    target?.delete()
+                } catch (_: Exception) {
+                }
+                withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
+                    hideLoading()
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun showWebDavSettingsDialog() {
+        val dialogBinding = DialogWebdavBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
+
+        MmkvManager.decodeWebDavConfig()?.let { cfg ->
+            dialogBinding.etWebdavUrl.setText(cfg.baseUrl)
+            dialogBinding.etWebdavUser.setText(cfg.username ?: "")
+            dialogBinding.etWebdavPass.setText(cfg.password ?: "")
+            dialogBinding.etWebdavRemotePath.setText(cfg.remoteBasePath ?: "/")
+        }
+
+        AlertDialog.Builder(this)
+            .setTitle(R.string.title_webdav_config_setting)
+            .setView(dialogBinding.root)
+            .setPositiveButton(R.string.menu_item_save_config) { _, _ ->
+                val url = dialogBinding.etWebdavUrl.text.toString().trim()
+                val user = dialogBinding.etWebdavUser.text.toString().trim().ifEmpty { null }
+                val pass = dialogBinding.etWebdavPass.text.toString()
+                val remotePath = dialogBinding.etWebdavRemotePath.text.toString().trim().ifEmpty { AppConfig.WEBDAV_BACKUP_DIR }
+                val cfg = WebDavConfig(baseUrl = url, username = user, password = pass, remoteBasePath = remotePath)
+                MmkvManager.encodeWebDavConfig(cfg)
+                toastSuccess(R.string.toast_success)
+            }
+            .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel, null)
+            .show()
+    }
+}
@@ -1,22 +1,42 @@
 package com.v2ray.ang.ui

 import android.content.Context
-import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Bundle
+import android.view.LayoutInflater
 import android.view.MenuItem
-import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
+import android.view.View
+import android.view.ViewGroup
+import android.widget.FrameLayout
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
+import androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
 import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
 import androidx.core.view.WindowCompat
 import androidx.recyclerview.widget.DividerItemDecoration
 import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
+import com.google.android.material.appbar.MaterialToolbar
+import com.google.android.material.progressindicator.LinearProgressIndicator
+import com.v2ray.ang.R
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.SettingsManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.helper.CustomDividerItemDecoration
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.MyContextWrapper
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils


+/**
+ * BaseActivity provides common helpers and UI wiring used across the app's activities.
+ *
+ * Responsibilities:
+ * - Inflate a shared base layout that contains a toolbar and a content container.
+ * - Provide convenient overloads of `setContentViewWithToolbar` to attach child layouts or
+ *   view-binding roots into the base container and initialize the toolbar.
+ * - Expose a global in-layout `ProgressBar` (cached) with `showLoading()` / `hideLoading()` helpers.
+ * - Provide a helper to add a custom divider to RecyclerViews.
+ * - Wrap base context according to user locale settings.
+ */
 abstract class BaseActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
+    // Progress indicator that sits at the bottom of the toolbar
+    private var progressBar: LinearProgressIndicator? = null
+
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        supportActionBar?.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true)
@@ -27,6 +47,15 @@ abstract class BaseActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
        }
    }

+    /**
+     * Handle action bar item selections.
+     *
+     * Currently this handles the home/up button by delegating to the activity's
+     * onBackPressedDispatcher to provide consistent back navigation behavior.
+     *
+     * @param item the selected menu item
+     * @return true if the event was handled, otherwise delegates to the superclass
+     */
    override fun onOptionsItemSelected(item: MenuItem) = when (item.itemId) {
        android.R.id.home -> {
            // Handles the home button press by delegating to the onBackPressedDispatcher.
@@ -38,20 +67,31 @@ abstract class BaseActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
        else -> super.onOptionsItemSelected(item)
    }

-    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
+    /**
+     * Wrap the base context with the user's locale settings.
+     *
+     * This ensures resources are loaded using the configured locale.
+     *
+     * @param newBase the original base context to wrap
+     */
    override fun attachBaseContext(newBase: Context?) {
        super.attachBaseContext(MyContextWrapper.wrap(newBase ?: return, SettingsManager.getLocale()))
    }

    /**
-     * Adds a custom divider to a RecyclerView.
+     * Adds a custom divider drawable to the provided RecyclerView.
     *
-     * @param recyclerView  The target RecyclerView to which the divider will be added.
-     * @param context       The context used to access resources.
-     * @param drawableResId The resource ID of the drawable to be used as the divider.
-     * @param orientation   The orientation of the divider (DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL or DividerItemDecoration.HORIZONTAL).
+     * This is a convenience helper that constructs a [CustomDividerItemDecoration]
+     * using the given drawable resource id and adds it to the RecyclerView.
+     *
+     * @param recyclerView the target RecyclerView
+     * @param context the context used to resolve resources (may be activity or application context)
+     * @param drawableResId the drawable resource id to use as the divider
+     * @param orientation one of [DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL] or [DividerItemDecoration.HORIZONTAL]
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the drawable resource cannot be found
     */
-    fun addCustomDividerToRecyclerView(recyclerView: RecyclerView, context: Context?, drawableResId: Int, orientation: Int = DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL) {
+    protected fun addCustomDividerToRecyclerView(recyclerView: RecyclerView, context: Context?, drawableResId: Int, orientation: Int = DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL) {
        // Get the drawable from resources
        val drawable = ContextCompat.getDrawable(context!!, drawableResId)
        requireNotNull(drawable) { "Drawable resource not found" }
@@ -62,4 +102,115 @@ abstract class BaseActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
        // Add the divider to the RecyclerView
        recyclerView.addItemDecoration(dividerItemDecoration)
    }
+
+    /**
+     * Configure the toolbar instance using the default toolbar id if null is passed.
+     *
+     * This helper will set the toolbar as the action bar and configure the up button
+     * visibility plus optional title.
+     *
+     * @param toolbar the toolbar instance to configure (may be null, in which case the view
+     *                with id R.id.toolbar in the activity content will be used)
+     * @param showHomeAsUp whether the home/up affordance should be shown (default true)
+     * @param title optional title to set on the activity
+     */
+    protected fun setupToolbar(toolbar: Toolbar?, showHomeAsUp: Boolean = true, title: CharSequence? = null) {
+        val tb = toolbar ?: findViewById<Toolbar?>(R.id.toolbar)
+        tb?.let {
+            setSupportActionBar(it)
+            supportActionBar?.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(showHomeAsUp)
+            title?.let { t -> this.title = t }
+        }
+        progressBar = findViewById(R.id.progress_bar)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inflate the shared base layout, attach the child layout resource into the base
+     * content container, cache the in-layout ProgressBar and configure the toolbar.
+     *
+     * Typical usage in subclasses:
+     * setContentViewWithToolbar(R.layout.activity_settings, showHomeAsUp = true, title = "Settings")
+     *
+     * @param layoutResId child layout resource to inflate into the base content container
+     * @param showHomeAsUp whether to show the up/home affordance on the toolbar (default true)
+     * @param title optional activity title to set on the toolbar
+     */
+    protected fun setContentViewWithToolbar(layoutResId: Int, showHomeAsUp: Boolean = true, title: CharSequence? = null) {
+        val base = LayoutInflater.from(this).inflate(R.layout.activity_base, null)
+        val container = base.findViewById<FrameLayout>(R.id.content_container)
+        LayoutInflater.from(this).inflate(layoutResId, container, true)
+        progressBar = base.findViewById(R.id.progress_bar)
+        super.setContentView(base)
+        setupToolbar(base, showHomeAsUp, title)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inflate the shared base layout, attach the provided child view (commonly a view-binding root)
+     * into the base content container, cache the in-layout ProgressBar and configure the toolbar.
+     *
+     * Typical usage with view binding:
+     * setContentViewWithToolbar(binding.root, showHomeAsUp = true, title = "...")
+     *
+     * @param childView the already-inflated child view to add to the base content container
+     * @param showHomeAsUp whether to show the up/home affordance on the toolbar (default true)
+     * @param title optional activity title to set on the toolbar
+     */
+    protected fun setContentViewWithToolbar(childView: View, showHomeAsUp: Boolean = true, title: CharSequence? = null) {
+        val base = LayoutInflater.from(this).inflate(R.layout.activity_base, null)
+        val container = base.findViewById<FrameLayout>(R.id.content_container)
+        container.addView(childView, ViewGroup.LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT))
+        progressBar = base.findViewById(R.id.progress_bar)
+        super.setContentView(base)
+        setupToolbar(base, showHomeAsUp, title)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Internal helper that configures the MaterialToolbar found in the inflated base root.
+     *
+     * @param baseRoot the root view of the inflated base layout
+     * @param showHomeAsUp whether to show the up/home affordance
+     * @param title optional title to set on the support action bar
+     */
+    private fun setupToolbar(baseRoot: View, showHomeAsUp: Boolean, title: CharSequence?) {
+        val toolbar = baseRoot.findViewById<MaterialToolbar>(R.id.toolbar)
+        toolbar?.let {
+            setSupportActionBar(it)
+            supportActionBar?.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(showHomeAsUp)
+            title?.let { t -> supportActionBar?.title = t }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Show the base layout's ProgressBar.
+     *
+     * This method is safe to call from background threads; the visibility change will
+     * be posted to the UI thread via [runOnUiThread]. If the base layout was not set yet
+     * (progressBar == null) the call is a no-op.
+     */
+    protected fun showLoading() {
+        runOnUiThread {
+            progressBar?.visibility = View.VISIBLE
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Hide the base layout's ProgressBar.
+     *
+     * Safe to call from background threads. No-op if the progress bar hasn't been cached.
+     */
+    protected fun hideLoading() {
+        runOnUiThread {
+            progressBar?.visibility = View.GONE
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true when the base ProgressBar is currently visible.
+     *
+     * @return true if the progress bar exists and its visibility is VISIBLE
+     */
+    protected fun isLoadingVisible(): Boolean {
+        return progressBar?.visibility == View.VISIBLE
+    }
+
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.ui
+
+import android.os.Bundle
+import android.view.LayoutInflater
+import android.view.View
+import android.view.ViewGroup
+import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
+import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
+import androidx.recyclerview.widget.DividerItemDecoration
+import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
+import androidx.viewbinding.ViewBinding
+import com.v2ray.ang.helper.CustomDividerItemDecoration
+
+abstract class BaseFragment<VB : ViewBinding> : Fragment() {
+    private var _binding: VB? = null
+    protected val binding: VB
+        get() = _binding!!
+
+    protected abstract fun inflateBinding(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?): VB
+
+    override fun onCreateView(
+        inflater: LayoutInflater,
+        container: ViewGroup?,
+        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
+    ): View {
+        _binding = inflateBinding(inflater, container)
+        return binding.root
+    }
+
+    override fun onDestroyView() {
+        super.onDestroyView()
+        _binding = null
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a custom divider to a RecyclerView.
+     *
+     * @param recyclerView  The target RecyclerView to which the divider will be added.
+     * @param drawableResId The resource ID of the drawable to be used as the divider.
+     * @param orientation   The orientation of the divider (DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL or DividerItemDecoration.HORIZONTAL).
+     */
+    fun addCustomDividerToRecyclerView(recyclerView: RecyclerView,  drawableResId: Int, orientation: Int = DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL) {
+        // Get the drawable from resources
+        val drawable = ContextCompat.getDrawable(requireContext(), drawableResId)
+        requireNotNull(drawable) { "Drawable resource not found" }
+
+        // Create a DividerItemDecoration with the specified orientation
+        val dividerItemDecoration = CustomDividerItemDecoration(drawable, orientation)
+
+        // Add the divider to the RecyclerView
+        recyclerView.addItemDecoration(dividerItemDecoration)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.ui
+
+import android.os.Bundle
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog
+import androidx.lifecycle.lifecycleScope
+import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
+import com.v2ray.ang.BuildConfig
+import com.v2ray.ang.R
+import com.v2ray.ang.databinding.ActivityCheckUpdateBinding
+import com.v2ray.ang.dto.CheckUpdateResult
+import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toast
+import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toastError
+import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toastSuccess
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.UpdateCheckerManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2RayNativeManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
+import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
+
+class CheckUpdateActivity : BaseActivity() {
+
+    private val binding by lazy { ActivityCheckUpdateBinding.inflate(layoutInflater) }
+
+    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
+        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
+        //setContentView(binding.root)
+        setContentViewWithToolbar(binding.root, showHomeAsUp = true, title = getString(R.string.update_check_for_update))
+
+        binding.layoutCheckUpdate.setOnClickListener {
+            checkForUpdates(binding.checkPreRelease.isChecked)
+        }
+
+        binding.checkPreRelease.setOnCheckedChangeListener { _, isChecked ->
+            MmkvManager.encodeSettings(AppConfig.PREF_CHECK_UPDATE_PRE_RELEASE, isChecked)
+        }
+        binding.checkPreRelease.isChecked = MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_CHECK_UPDATE_PRE_RELEASE, false)
+
+        "v${BuildConfig.VERSION_NAME} (${V2RayNativeManager.getLibVersion()})".also {
+            binding.tvVersion.text = it
+        }
+
+        checkForUpdates(binding.checkPreRelease.isChecked)
+    }
+
+    private fun checkForUpdates(includePreRelease: Boolean) {
+        toast(R.string.update_checking_for_update)
+        showLoading()
+
+        lifecycleScope.launch {
+            try {
+                val result = UpdateCheckerManager.checkForUpdate(includePreRelease)
+                if (result.hasUpdate) {
+                    showUpdateDialog(result)
+                } else {
+                    toastSuccess(R.string.update_already_latest_version)
+                }
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to check for updates: ${e.message}")
+                toastError(e.message ?: getString(R.string.toast_failure))
+            }
+            finally {
+                hideLoading()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun showUpdateDialog(result: CheckUpdateResult) {
+        AlertDialog.Builder(this)
+            .setTitle(getString(R.string.update_new_version_found, result.latestVersion))
+            .setMessage(result.releaseNotes)
+            .setPositiveButton(R.string.update_now) { _, _ ->
+                result.downloadUrl?.let {
+                    Utils.openUri(this, it)
+                }
+            }
+            .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel, null)
+            .show()
+    }
+}
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-package com.v2ray.ang.ui
-
-import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
-import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity
-import androidx.viewpager2.adapter.FragmentStateAdapter
-
-class FragmentAdapter(fragmentActivity: FragmentActivity, private val mFragments: List<Fragment>) :
-    FragmentStateAdapter(fragmentActivity) {
-
-    override fun createFragment(position: Int): Fragment {
-        return mFragments[position]
-    }
-
-    override fun getItemCount(): Int {
-        return mFragments.size
-    }
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.ui
+
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint
+import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity
+import androidx.viewpager2.adapter.FragmentStateAdapter
+import com.v2ray.ang.dto.GroupMapItem
+
+/**
+ * Pager adapter for subscription groups.
+ */
+class GroupPagerAdapter(activity: FragmentActivity, var groups: List<GroupMapItem>) : FragmentStateAdapter(activity) {
+    override fun getItemCount(): Int = groups.size
+    override fun createFragment(position: Int) = GroupServerFragment.newInstance(groups[position].id)
+
+    @SuppressLint("NotifyDataSetChanged")
+    fun update(groups: List<GroupMapItem>) {
+        this.groups = groups
+        notifyDataSetChanged()
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package com.v2ray.ang.ui
+
+import android.os.Bundle
+import android.util.Log
+import android.view.LayoutInflater
+import android.view.View
+import android.view.ViewGroup
+import androidx.fragment.app.activityViewModels
+import androidx.recyclerview.widget.GridLayoutManager
+import androidx.recyclerview.widget.ItemTouchHelper
+import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
+import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.TAG
+import com.v2ray.ang.R
+import com.v2ray.ang.databinding.FragmentGroupServerBinding
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.helper.SimpleItemTouchHelperCallback
+import com.v2ray.ang.viewmodel.MainViewModel
+
+class GroupServerFragment : BaseFragment<FragmentGroupServerBinding>() {
+    private val mainViewModel: MainViewModel by activityViewModels()
+    private lateinit var adapter: MainRecyclerAdapter
+    private var itemTouchHelper: ItemTouchHelper? = null
+    private val subId: String by lazy { arguments?.getString(ARG_SUB_ID).orEmpty() }
+
+    companion object {
+        private const val ARG_SUB_ID = "subscriptionId"
+        fun newInstance(subId: String) = GroupServerFragment().apply {
+            arguments = Bundle().apply { putString(ARG_SUB_ID, subId) }
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun inflateBinding(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?) =
+        FragmentGroupServerBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false)
+
+    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
+
+        adapter = MainRecyclerAdapter(requireActivity() as MainActivity)
+        binding.recyclerView.setHasFixedSize(true)
+        if (MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_DOUBLE_COLUMN_DISPLAY, false)) {
+            binding.recyclerView.layoutManager = GridLayoutManager(requireContext(), 2)
+        } else {
+            binding.recyclerView.layoutManager = GridLayoutManager(requireContext(), 1)
+        }
+        addCustomDividerToRecyclerView(binding.recyclerView, R.drawable.custom_divider)
+        binding.recyclerView.adapter = adapter
+
+        itemTouchHelper = ItemTouchHelper(SimpleItemTouchHelperCallback(adapter, allowSwipe = false))
+        itemTouchHelper?.attachToRecyclerView(binding.recyclerView)
+
+        mainViewModel.updateListAction.observe(viewLifecycleOwner) { index ->
+            if (mainViewModel.subscriptionId != subId) {
+                return@observe
+            }
+            Log.d(TAG, "GroupServerFragment updateListAction subId=$subId")
+            adapter.setData(mainViewModel.serversCache, index)
+        }
+        mainViewModel.isRunning.observe(viewLifecycleOwner) { isRunning ->
+            adapter.isRunning = isRunning
+        }
+
+        Log.d(TAG, "GroupServerFragment onViewCreated: subId=$subId")
+    }
+
+    override fun onResume() {
+        super.onResume()
+        mainViewModel.subscriptionIdChanged(subId)
+    }
+}
@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 package com.v2ray.ang.ui

+import android.annotation.SuppressLint
 import android.os.Bundle
+import android.util.Log
 import android.view.Menu
 import android.view.MenuItem
 import androidx.appcompat.widget.SearchView
 import androidx.lifecycle.lifecycleScope
 import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager
 import androidx.swiperefreshlayout.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout
+import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.ANG_PACKAGE
 import com.v2ray.ang.R
 import com.v2ray.ang.databinding.ActivityLogcatBinding
-import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toast
+import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toastSuccess
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
@@ -21,15 +24,14 @@ import java.io.IOException
 class LogcatActivity : BaseActivity(), SwipeRefreshLayout.OnRefreshListener {
    private val binding by lazy { ActivityLogcatBinding.inflate(layoutInflater) }

-    var logsetsAll: MutableList<String> = mutableListOf()
+    private var logsetsAll: MutableList<String> = mutableListOf()
    var logsets: MutableList<String> = mutableListOf()
    private val adapter by lazy { LogcatRecyclerAdapter(this) }

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
-        setContentView(binding.root)
-
-        title = getString(R.string.title_logcat)
+        //setContentView(binding.root)
+        setContentViewWithToolbar(binding.root, showHomeAsUp = true, title = getString(R.string.title_logcat))

        binding.recyclerView.setHasFixedSize(true)
        binding.recyclerView.layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager(this)
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ class LogcatActivity : BaseActivity(), SwipeRefreshLayout.OnRefreshListener {
                lst.add("-v")
                lst.add("time")
                lst.add("-s")
-                lst.add("GoLog,tun2socks,${ANG_PACKAGE},AndroidRuntime,System.err")
+                lst.add("GoLog,${ANG_PACKAGE},AndroidRuntime,System.err")
                val process = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
                    Runtime.getRuntime().exec(lst.toTypedArray())
                }
@@ -62,12 +64,12 @@ class LogcatActivity : BaseActivity(), SwipeRefreshLayout.OnRefreshListener {
                launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
                    logsetsAll = allText.toMutableList()
                    logsets = allText.toMutableList()
-                    adapter.notifyDataSetChanged()
+                    refreshData()
                    binding.refreshLayout.isRefreshing = false
                }
            }
        } catch (e: IOException) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to get logcat", e)
        }
    }

@@ -84,11 +86,11 @@ class LogcatActivity : BaseActivity(), SwipeRefreshLayout.OnRefreshListener {
                launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
                    logsetsAll.clear()
                    logsets.clear()
-                    adapter.notifyDataSetChanged()
+                    refreshData()
                }
            }
        } catch (e: IOException) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to clear logcat", e)
        }
    }

@@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ class LogcatActivity : BaseActivity(), SwipeRefreshLayout.OnRefreshListener {
    override fun onOptionsItemSelected(item: MenuItem) = when (item.itemId) {
        R.id.copy_all -> {
            Utils.setClipboard(this, logsets.joinToString("\n"))
-            toast(R.string.toast_success)
+            toastSuccess(R.string.toast_success)
            true
        }

@@ -138,11 +140,16 @@ class LogcatActivity : BaseActivity(), SwipeRefreshLayout.OnRefreshListener {
            logsetsAll.filter { it.contains(key) }.toMutableList()
        }

-        adapter?.notifyDataSetChanged()
+        refreshData()
        return true
    }

    override fun onRefresh() {
        getLogcat()
    }
+
+    @SuppressLint("NotifyDataSetChanged")
+    fun refreshData() {
+        adapter.notifyDataSetChanged()
+    }
 }
@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 package com.v2ray.ang.ui

+import android.util.Log
 import android.view.LayoutInflater
 import android.view.ViewGroup
 import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
+import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
 import com.v2ray.ang.databinding.ItemRecyclerLogcatBinding
+import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils

 class LogcatRecyclerAdapter(val activity: LogcatActivity) : RecyclerView.Adapter<LogcatRecyclerAdapter.MainViewHolder>() {
    private var mActivity: LogcatActivity = activity

+
    override fun getItemCount() = mActivity.logsets.size

    override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: MainViewHolder, position: Int) {
@@ -21,8 +25,13 @@ class LogcatRecyclerAdapter(val activity: LogcatActivity) : RecyclerView.Adapter
                holder.itemSubSettingBinding.logTag.text = content.first().split("(", limit = 2).first().trim()
                holder.itemSubSettingBinding.logContent.text = if (content.count() > 1) content.last().trim() else ""
            }
+
+            holder.itemView.setOnLongClickListener {
+                Utils.setClipboard(mActivity, log)
+                true
+            }
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Error binding log view data", e)
        }
    }

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import android.net.Uri
 import android.net.VpnService
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Bundle
+import android.util.Log
 import android.view.KeyEvent
 import android.view.Menu
 import android.view.MenuItem
@@ -21,21 +22,19 @@ import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
 import androidx.core.view.GravityCompat
 import androidx.core.view.isVisible
 import androidx.lifecycle.lifecycleScope
-import androidx.recyclerview.widget.ItemTouchHelper
-import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager
 import com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView
-import com.google.android.material.tabs.TabLayout
+import com.google.android.material.tabs.TabLayoutMediator
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig.VPN
 import com.v2ray.ang.R
 import com.v2ray.ang.databinding.ActivityMainBinding
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.EConfigType
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toast
+import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toastError
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.AngConfigManager
-import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MigrateManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager
-import com.v2ray.ang.helper.SimpleItemTouchHelperCallback
-import com.v2ray.ang.service.V2RayServiceManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.SettingsChangeManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.V2RayServiceManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
 import com.v2ray.ang.viewmodel.MainViewModel
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
@@ -48,31 +47,23 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList
        ActivityMainBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
    }

-    private val adapter by lazy { MainRecyclerAdapter(this) }
+    val mainViewModel: MainViewModel by viewModels()
+    private lateinit var groupPagerAdapter: GroupPagerAdapter
+    private var tabMediator: TabLayoutMediator? = null
+
    private val requestVpnPermission = registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult()) {
        if (it.resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            startV2Ray()
        }
    }
-    private val requestSubSettingActivity = registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult()) {
-        initGroupTab()
-    }
-    private val tabGroupListener = object : TabLayout.OnTabSelectedListener {
-        override fun onTabSelected(tab: TabLayout.Tab?) {
-            val selectId = tab?.tag.toString()
-            if (selectId != mainViewModel.subscriptionId) {
-                mainViewModel.subscriptionIdChanged(selectId)
-            }
+    private val requestActivityLauncher = registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult()) {
+        if (SettingsChangeManager.consumeRestartService() && mainViewModel.isRunning.value == true) {
+            restartV2Ray()
        }
-
-        override fun onTabUnselected(tab: TabLayout.Tab?) {
-        }
-
-        override fun onTabReselected(tab: TabLayout.Tab?) {
+        if (SettingsChangeManager.consumeSetupGroupTab()) {
+            setupGroupTab()
        }
    }
-    private var mItemTouchHelper: ItemTouchHelper? = null
-    val mainViewModel: MainViewModel by viewModels()

    // register activity result for requesting permission
    private val requestPermissionLauncher =
@@ -84,9 +75,6 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList
                    Action.IMPORT_QR_CODE_CONFIG ->
                        scanQRCodeForConfig.launch(Intent(this, ScannerActivity::class.java))

-//                    Action.IMPORT_QR_CODE_URL ->
-//                        scanQRCodeForUrlToCustomConfig.launch(Intent(this, ScannerActivity::class.java))
-
                    Action.READ_CONTENT_FROM_URI ->
                        chooseFileForCustomConfig.launch(Intent.createChooser(Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT).apply {
                            type = "*/*"
@@ -107,8 +95,6 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList
    enum class Action {
        NONE,
        IMPORT_QR_CODE_CONFIG,
-
-        //IMPORT_QR_CODE_URL,
        READ_CONTENT_FROM_URI,
        POST_NOTIFICATIONS
    }
@@ -126,67 +112,23 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList
        }
    }

-//    private val scanQRCodeForUrlToCustomConfig = registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult()) {
-//        if (it.resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
-//            importConfigCustomUrl(it.data?.getStringExtra("SCAN_RESULT"))
-//        }
-//    }
-
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(binding.root)
-        title = getString(R.string.title_server)
-        setSupportActionBar(binding.toolbar)
+        setupToolbar(binding.toolbar, false, getString(R.string.title_server))

-        binding.fab.setOnClickListener {
-            if (mainViewModel.isRunning.value == true) {
-                V2RayServiceManager.stopVService(this)
-            } else if ((MmkvManager.decodeSettingsString(AppConfig.PREF_MODE) ?: VPN) == VPN) {
-                val intent = VpnService.prepare(this)
-                if (intent == null) {
-                    startV2Ray()
-                } else {
-                    requestVpnPermission.launch(intent)
-                }
-            } else {
-                startV2Ray()
-            }
-        }
-        binding.layoutTest.setOnClickListener {
-            if (mainViewModel.isRunning.value == true) {
-                setTestState(getString(R.string.connection_test_testing))
-                mainViewModel.testCurrentServerRealPing()
-            } else {
-//                tv_test_state.text = getString(R.string.connection_test_fail)
-            }
-        }
-
-        binding.recyclerView.setHasFixedSize(true)
-        binding.recyclerView.layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager(this)
-        addCustomDividerToRecyclerView(binding.recyclerView, this, R.drawable.custom_divider)
-        binding.recyclerView.adapter = adapter
-
-        mItemTouchHelper = ItemTouchHelper(SimpleItemTouchHelperCallback(adapter))
-        mItemTouchHelper?.attachToRecyclerView(binding.recyclerView)
+        // setup viewpager and tablayout
+        groupPagerAdapter = GroupPagerAdapter(this, emptyList())
+        binding.viewPager.adapter = groupPagerAdapter
+        binding.viewPager.isUserInputEnabled = true

+        // setup navigation drawer
        val toggle = ActionBarDrawerToggle(
            this, binding.drawerLayout, binding.toolbar, R.string.navigation_drawer_open, R.string.navigation_drawer_close
        )
        binding.drawerLayout.addDrawerListener(toggle)
        toggle.syncState()
        binding.navView.setNavigationItemSelectedListener(this)
-
-        initGroupTab()
-        setupViewModel()
-        migrateLegacy()
-
-        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
-            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
-                pendingAction = Action.POST_NOTIFICATIONS
-                requestPermissionLauncher.launch(Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS)
-            }
-        }
-
        onBackPressedDispatcher.addCallback(this, object : OnBackPressedCallback(true) {
            override fun handleOnBackPressed() {
                if (binding.drawerLayout.isDrawerOpen(GravityCompat.START)) {
@@ -198,74 +140,76 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList
                }
            }
        })
+
+        binding.fab.setOnClickListener { handleFabAction() }
+        binding.layoutTest.setOnClickListener { handleLayoutTestClick() }
+
+        setupGroupTab()
+        setupViewModel()
+        mainViewModel.reloadServerList()
+
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
+            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+                pendingAction = Action.POST_NOTIFICATIONS
+                requestPermissionLauncher.launch(Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS)
+            }
+        }
    }

    private fun setupViewModel() {
-        mainViewModel.updateListAction.observe(this) { index ->
-            if (index >= 0) {
-                adapter.notifyItemChanged(index)
-            } else {
-                adapter.notifyDataSetChanged()
-            }
-        }
        mainViewModel.updateTestResultAction.observe(this) { setTestState(it) }
        mainViewModel.isRunning.observe(this) { isRunning ->
-            adapter.isRunning = isRunning
-            if (isRunning) {
-                binding.fab.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_stop_24dp)
-                binding.fab.backgroundTintList = ColorStateList.valueOf(ContextCompat.getColor(this, R.color.color_fab_active))
-                setTestState(getString(R.string.connection_connected))
-                binding.layoutTest.isFocusable = true
-            } else {
-                binding.fab.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_play_24dp)
-                binding.fab.backgroundTintList = ColorStateList.valueOf(ContextCompat.getColor(this, R.color.color_fab_inactive))
-                setTestState(getString(R.string.connection_not_connected))
-                binding.layoutTest.isFocusable = false
-            }
+            applyRunningState(false, isRunning)
        }
        mainViewModel.startListenBroadcast()
        mainViewModel.initAssets(assets)
    }

-    private fun migrateLegacy() {
-        lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
-            val result = MigrateManager.migrateServerConfig2Profile()
-            launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
-                if (result) {
-                    toast(getString(R.string.migration_success))
-                    mainViewModel.reloadServerList()
-                } else {
-                    //toast(getString(R.string.migration_fail))
-                }
+    private fun setupGroupTab() {
+        val groups = mainViewModel.getSubscriptions(this)
+        groupPagerAdapter.update(groups)
+
+        tabMediator?.detach()
+        tabMediator = TabLayoutMediator(binding.tabGroup, binding.viewPager) { tab, position ->
+            groupPagerAdapter.groups.getOrNull(position)?.let {
+                tab.text = it.remarks
+                tab.tag = it.id
            }
+        }.also { it.attach() }

+        val targetIndex = groups.indexOfFirst { it.id == mainViewModel.subscriptionId }.takeIf { it >= 0 } ?: (groups.size - 1)
+        binding.viewPager.setCurrentItem(targetIndex, false)
+
+        binding.tabGroup.isVisible = groups.size > 1
+    }
+
+    private fun handleFabAction() {
+        applyRunningState(isLoading = true, isRunning = false)
+
+        if (mainViewModel.isRunning.value == true) {
+            V2RayServiceManager.stopVService(this)
+        } else if ((MmkvManager.decodeSettingsString(AppConfig.PREF_MODE) ?: VPN) == VPN) {
+            val intent = VpnService.prepare(this)
+            if (intent == null) {
+                startV2Ray()
+            } else {
+                requestVpnPermission.launch(intent)
+            }
+        } else {
+            startV2Ray()
        }
    }

-    private fun initGroupTab() {
-        binding.tabGroup.removeOnTabSelectedListener(tabGroupListener)
-        binding.tabGroup.removeAllTabs()
-        binding.tabGroup.isVisible = false
-
-        val (listId, listRemarks) = mainViewModel.getSubscriptions(this)
-        if (listId == null || listRemarks == null) {
-            return
+    private fun handleLayoutTestClick() {
+        if (mainViewModel.isRunning.value == true) {
+            setTestState(getString(R.string.connection_test_testing))
+            mainViewModel.testCurrentServerRealPing()
+        } else {
+            // service not running: keep existing no-op (could show a message if desired)
        }
-
-        for (it in listRemarks.indices) {
-            val tab = binding.tabGroup.newTab()
-            tab.text = listRemarks[it]
-            tab.tag = listId[it]
-            binding.tabGroup.addTab(tab)
-        }
-        val selectIndex =
-            listId.indexOf(mainViewModel.subscriptionId).takeIf { it >= 0 } ?: (listId.count() - 1)
-        binding.tabGroup.selectTab(binding.tabGroup.getTabAt(selectIndex))
-        binding.tabGroup.addOnTabSelectedListener(tabGroupListener)
-        binding.tabGroup.isVisible = true
    }

-    fun startV2Ray() {
+    private fun startV2Ray() {
        if (MmkvManager.getSelectServer().isNullOrEmpty()) {
            toast(R.string.title_file_chooser)
            return
@@ -283,12 +227,36 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList
        }
    }

-    public override fun onResume() {
-        super.onResume()
-        mainViewModel.reloadServerList()
+    private fun setTestState(content: String?) {
+        binding.tvTestState.text = content
    }

-    public override fun onPause() {
+    private  fun applyRunningState(isLoading: Boolean, isRunning: Boolean) {
+        if (isLoading) {
+            binding.fab.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_fab_check)
+            return
+        }
+
+        if (isRunning) {
+            binding.fab.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_stop_24dp)
+            binding.fab.backgroundTintList = ColorStateList.valueOf(ContextCompat.getColor(this, R.color.color_fab_active))
+            binding.fab.contentDescription = getString(R.string.action_stop_service)
+            setTestState(getString(R.string.connection_connected))
+            binding.layoutTest.isFocusable = true
+        } else {
+            binding.fab.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_play_24dp)
+            binding.fab.backgroundTintList = ColorStateList.valueOf(ContextCompat.getColor(this, R.color.color_fab_inactive))
+            binding.fab.contentDescription = getString(R.string.tasker_start_service)
+            setTestState(getString(R.string.connection_not_connected))
+            binding.layoutTest.isFocusable = false
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun onResume() {
+        super.onResume()
+    }
+
+    override fun onPause() {
        super.onPause()
    }

@@ -317,7 +285,7 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList

    override fun onOptionsItemSelected(item: MenuItem) = when (item.itemId) {
        R.id.import_qrcode -> {
-            importQRcode(true)
+            importQRcode()
            true
        }

@@ -331,6 +299,11 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList
            true
        }

+        R.id.import_manually_policy_group -> {
+            importManually(EConfigType.POLICYGROUP.value)
+            true
+        }
+
        R.id.import_manually_vmess -> {
            importManually(EConfigType.VMESS.value)
            true
@@ -371,26 +344,6 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList
            true
        }

-//        R.id.import_config_custom_clipboard -> {
-//            importConfigCustomClipboard()
-//            true
-//        }
-//
-//        R.id.import_config_custom_local -> {
-//            importConfigCustomLocal()
-//            true
-//        }
-//
-//        R.id.import_config_custom_url -> {
-//            importConfigCustomUrlClipboard()
-//            true
-//        }
-//
-//        R.id.import_config_custom_url_scan -> {
-//            importQRcode(false)
-//            true
-//        }
-
        R.id.export_all -> {
            exportAll()
            true
@@ -443,27 +396,31 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList
    }

    private fun importManually(createConfigType: Int) {
-        startActivity(
-            Intent()
-                .putExtra("createConfigType", createConfigType)
-                .putExtra("subscriptionId", mainViewModel.subscriptionId)
-                .setClass(this, ServerActivity::class.java)
-        )
+        if (createConfigType == EConfigType.POLICYGROUP.value) {
+            startActivity(
+                Intent()
+                    .putExtra("subscriptionId", mainViewModel.subscriptionId)
+                    .setClass(this, ServerGroupActivity::class.java)
+            )
+        } else {
+            startActivity(
+                Intent()
+                    .putExtra("createConfigType", createConfigType)
+                    .putExtra("subscriptionId", mainViewModel.subscriptionId)
+                    .setClass(this, ServerActivity::class.java)
+            )
+        }
    }

    /**
     * import config from qrcode
     */
-    private fun importQRcode(forConfig: Boolean): Boolean {
+    private fun importQRcode(): Boolean {
        val permission = Manifest.permission.CAMERA
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
-            if (forConfig) {
-                scanQRCodeForConfig.launch(Intent(this, ScannerActivity::class.java))
-            } else {
-                //scanQRCodeForUrlToCustomConfig.launch(Intent(this, ScannerActivity::class.java))
-            }
+            scanQRCodeForConfig.launch(Intent(this, ScannerActivity::class.java))
        } else {
-            pendingAction = Action.IMPORT_QR_CODE_CONFIG//if (forConfig) Action.IMPORT_QR_CODE_CONFIG else Action.IMPORT_QR_CODE_URL
+            pendingAction = Action.IMPORT_QR_CODE_CONFIG
            requestPermissionLauncher.launch(permission)
        }
        return true
@@ -478,14 +435,14 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList
            val clipboard = Utils.getClipboard(this)
            importBatchConfig(clipboard)
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to import config from clipboard", e)
            return false
        }
        return true
    }

    private fun importBatchConfig(server: String?) {
-        binding.pbWaiting.show()
+        showLoading()

        lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
            try {
@@ -498,108 +455,40 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList
                            mainViewModel.reloadServerList()
                        }

-                        countSub > 0 -> initGroupTab()
-                        else -> toast(R.string.toast_failure)
+                        countSub > 0 -> setupGroupTab()
+                        else -> toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
                    }
-                    binding.pbWaiting.hide()
+                    hideLoading()
                }
            } catch (e: Exception) {
                withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
-                    toast(R.string.toast_failure)
-                    binding.pbWaiting.hide()
+                    toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
+                    hideLoading()
                }
-                e.printStackTrace()
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to import batch config", e)
            }
        }
    }

+    /**
+     * import config from local config file
+     */
    private fun importConfigLocal(): Boolean {
        try {
            showFileChooser()
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to import config from local file", e)
            return false
        }
        return true
    }


-//    private fun importConfigCustomClipboard()
-//            : Boolean {
-//        try {
-//            val configText = Utils.getClipboard(this)
-//            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(configText)) {
-//                toast(R.string.toast_none_data_clipboard)
-//                return false
-//            }
-//            importCustomizeConfig(configText)
-//            return true
-//        } catch (e: Exception) {
-//            e.printStackTrace()
-//            return false
-//        }
-//    }
-
-    /**
-     * import config from local config file
-     */
-//    private fun importConfigCustomLocal(): Boolean {
-//        try {
-//            showFileChooser()
-//        } catch (e: Exception) {
-//            e.printStackTrace()
-//            return false
-//        }
-//        return true
-//    }
-//
-//    private fun importConfigCustomUrlClipboard()
-//            : Boolean {
-//        try {
-//            val url = Utils.getClipboard(this)
-//            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(url)) {
-//                toast(R.string.toast_none_data_clipboard)
-//                return false
-//            }
-//            return importConfigCustomUrl(url)
-//        } catch (e: Exception) {
-//            e.printStackTrace()
-//            return false
-//        }
-//    }
-
-    /**
-     * import config from url
-     */
-//    private fun importConfigCustomUrl(url: String?): Boolean {
-//        try {
-//            if (!Utils.isValidUrl(url)) {
-//                toast(R.string.toast_invalid_url)
-//                return false
-//            }
-//            lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
-//                val configText = try {
-//                    HttpUtil.getUrlContentWithUserAgent(url)
-//                } catch (e: Exception) {
-//                    e.printStackTrace()
-//                    ""
-//                }
-//                launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
-//                    importCustomizeConfig(configText)
-//                }
-//            }
-//        } catch (e: Exception) {
-//            e.printStackTrace()
-//            return false
-//        }
-//        return true
-//    }
-
    /**
     * import config from sub
     */
    private fun importConfigViaSub(): Boolean {
-        binding.pbWaiting.show()
+        showLoading()

        lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
            val count = mainViewModel.updateConfigViaSubAll()
@@ -609,24 +498,24 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList
                    toast(getString(R.string.title_update_config_count, count))
                    mainViewModel.reloadServerList()
                } else {
-                    toast(R.string.toast_failure)
+                    toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
                }
-                binding.pbWaiting.hide()
+                hideLoading()
            }
        }
        return true
    }

    private fun exportAll() {
-        binding.pbWaiting.show()
+        showLoading()
        lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
            val ret = mainViewModel.exportAllServer()
            launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
                if (ret > 0)
                    toast(getString(R.string.title_export_config_count, ret))
                else
-                    toast(R.string.toast_failure)
-                binding.pbWaiting.hide()
+                    toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
+                hideLoading()
            }
        }
    }
@@ -634,13 +523,13 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList
    private fun delAllConfig() {
        AlertDialog.Builder(this).setMessage(R.string.del_config_comfirm)
            .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok) { _, _ ->
-                binding.pbWaiting.show()
+                showLoading()
                lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
                    val ret = mainViewModel.removeAllServer()
                    launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
                        mainViewModel.reloadServerList()
                        toast(getString(R.string.title_del_config_count, ret))
-                        binding.pbWaiting.hide()
+                        hideLoading()
                    }
                }
            }
@@ -653,13 +542,13 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList
    private fun delDuplicateConfig() {
        AlertDialog.Builder(this).setMessage(R.string.del_config_comfirm)
            .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok) { _, _ ->
-                binding.pbWaiting.show()
+                showLoading()
                lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
                    val ret = mainViewModel.removeDuplicateServer()
                    launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
                        mainViewModel.reloadServerList()
                        toast(getString(R.string.title_del_duplicate_config_count, ret))
-                        binding.pbWaiting.hide()
+                        hideLoading()
                    }
                }
            }
@@ -672,13 +561,13 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList
    private fun delInvalidConfig() {
        AlertDialog.Builder(this).setMessage(R.string.del_invalid_config_comfirm)
            .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok) { _, _ ->
-                binding.pbWaiting.show()
+                showLoading()
                lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
                    val ret = mainViewModel.removeInvalidServer()
                    launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
                        mainViewModel.reloadServerList()
                        toast(getString(R.string.title_del_config_count, ret))
-                        binding.pbWaiting.hide()
+                        hideLoading()
                    }
                }
            }
@@ -689,12 +578,12 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList
    }

    private fun sortByTestResults() {
-        binding.pbWaiting.show()
+        showLoading()
        lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
            mainViewModel.sortByTestResults()
            launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
                mainViewModel.reloadServerList()
-                binding.pbWaiting.hide()
+                hideLoading()
            }
        }
    }
@@ -737,49 +626,13 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList
                    importBatchConfig(input?.bufferedReader()?.readText())
                }
            } catch (e: Exception) {
-                e.printStackTrace()
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to read content from URI", e)
            }
        } else {
            requestPermissionLauncher.launch(permission)
        }
    }

-//    /**
-//     * import customize config
-//     */
-//    private fun importCustomizeConfig(server: String?) {
-//        try {
-//            if (server == null || TextUtils.isEmpty(server)) {
-//                toast(R.string.toast_none_data)
-//                return
-//            }
-//            if (mainViewModel.appendCustomConfigServer(server)) {
-//                mainViewModel.reloadServerList()
-//                toast(R.string.toast_success)
-//            } else {
-//                toast(R.string.toast_failure)
-//            }
-//            //adapter.notifyItemInserted(mainViewModel.serverList.lastIndex)
-//        } catch (e: Exception) {
-//            ToastCompat.makeText(this, "${getString(R.string.toast_malformed_josn)} ${e.cause?.message}", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
-//            e.printStackTrace()
-//            return
-//        }
-//    }
-
-    private fun setTestState(content: String?) {
-        binding.tvTestState.text = content
-    }
-
-//    val mConnection = object : ServiceConnection {
-//        override fun onServiceDisconnected(name: ComponentName?) {
-//        }
-//
-//        override fun onServiceConnected(name: ComponentName?, service: IBinder?) {
-//            sendMsg(AppConfig.MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT, "")
-//        }
-//    }
-
    override fun onKeyDown(keyCode: Int, event: KeyEvent): Boolean {
        if (keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK || keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BUTTON_B) {
            moveTaskToBack(false)
@@ -792,20 +645,24 @@ class MainActivity : BaseActivity(), NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedList
    override fun onNavigationItemSelected(item: MenuItem): Boolean {
        // Handle navigation view item clicks here.
        when (item.itemId) {
-            R.id.sub_setting -> requestSubSettingActivity.launch(Intent(this, SubSettingActivity::class.java))
-            R.id.settings -> startActivity(
-                Intent(this, SettingsActivity::class.java)
-                    .putExtra("isRunning", mainViewModel.isRunning.value == true)
-            )
-
-            R.id.per_app_proxy_settings -> startActivity(Intent(this, PerAppProxyActivity::class.java))
-            R.id.routing_setting -> requestSubSettingActivity.launch(Intent(this, RoutingSettingActivity::class.java))
-            R.id.promotion -> Utils.openUri(this, "${Utils.decode(AppConfig.PromotionUrl)}?t=${System.currentTimeMillis()}")
+            R.id.sub_setting -> requestActivityLauncher.launch(Intent(this, SubSettingActivity::class.java))
+            R.id.per_app_proxy_settings -> requestActivityLauncher.launch(Intent(this, PerAppProxyActivity::class.java))
+            R.id.routing_setting -> requestActivityLauncher.launch(Intent(this, RoutingSettingActivity::class.java))
+            R.id.user_asset_setting -> requestActivityLauncher.launch(Intent(this, UserAssetActivity::class.java))
+            R.id.settings -> requestActivityLauncher.launch(Intent(this, SettingsActivity::class.java))
+            R.id.promotion -> Utils.openUri(this, "${Utils.decode(AppConfig.APP_PROMOTION_URL)}?t=${System.currentTimeMillis()}")
            R.id.logcat -> startActivity(Intent(this, LogcatActivity::class.java))
+            R.id.check_for_update -> startActivity(Intent(this, CheckUpdateActivity::class.java))
+            R.id.backup_restore -> requestActivityLauncher.launch(Intent(this, BackupActivity::class.java))
            R.id.about -> startActivity(Intent(this, AboutActivity::class.java))
        }

        binding.drawerLayout.closeDrawer(GravityCompat.START)
        return true
    }
+
+    override fun onDestroy() {
+        tabMediator?.detach()
+        super.onDestroy()
+    }
 }
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 package com.v2ray.ang.ui

+import android.annotation.SuppressLint
 import android.content.Intent
 import android.graphics.Color
 import android.text.TextUtils
+import android.util.Log
 import android.view.LayoutInflater
 import android.view.View
 import android.view.ViewGroup
@@ -17,15 +19,18 @@ import com.v2ray.ang.databinding.ItemQrcodeBinding
 import com.v2ray.ang.databinding.ItemRecyclerFooterBinding
 import com.v2ray.ang.databinding.ItemRecyclerMainBinding
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.EConfigType
+import com.v2ray.ang.dto.ProfileItem
+import com.v2ray.ang.dto.ServersCache
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toast
+import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toastError
+import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toastSuccess
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.AngConfigManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.helper.ItemTouchHelperAdapter
 import com.v2ray.ang.helper.ItemTouchHelperViewHolder
-import com.v2ray.ang.service.V2RayServiceManager
-import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
-import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
+import java.util.Collections

 class MainRecyclerAdapter(val activity: MainActivity) : RecyclerView.Adapter<MainRecyclerAdapter.BaseViewHolder>(), ItemTouchHelperAdapter {
    companion object {
@@ -37,173 +42,296 @@ class MainRecyclerAdapter(val activity: MainActivity) : RecyclerView.Adapter<Mai
    private val share_method: Array<out String> by lazy {
        mActivity.resources.getStringArray(R.array.share_method)
    }
+    private val share_method_more: Array<out String> by lazy {
+        mActivity.resources.getStringArray(R.array.share_method_more)
+    }
    var isRunning = false
+    private val doubleColumnDisplay = MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_DOUBLE_COLUMN_DISPLAY, false)
+    private var data: MutableList<ServersCache> = mutableListOf()

-    override fun getItemCount() = mActivity.mainViewModel.serversCache.size + 1
+    @SuppressLint("NotifyDataSetChanged")
+    fun setData(newData: MutableList<ServersCache>?, position: Int = -1) {
+        if (android.os.Looper.myLooper() != android.os.Looper.getMainLooper()) {
+            mActivity.runOnUiThread { setData(newData, position) }
+            return
+        }
+        data = newData?.toMutableList() ?: mutableListOf()
+
+        if (position >= 0 && position in data.indices) {
+            notifyItemChanged(position)
+        } else {
+            notifyDataSetChanged()
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun getItemCount() = data.size + 1

    override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: BaseViewHolder, position: Int) {
        if (holder is MainViewHolder) {
-            val guid = mActivity.mainViewModel.serversCache[position].guid
-            val profile = mActivity.mainViewModel.serversCache[position].profile
-//            //filter
-//            if (mActivity.mainViewModel.subscriptionId.isNotEmpty()
-//                && mActivity.mainViewModel.subscriptionId != config.subscriptionId
-//            ) {
-//                holder.itemMainBinding.cardView.visibility = View.GONE
-//            } else {
-//                holder.itemMainBinding.cardView.visibility = View.VISIBLE
-//            }
+            val guid = data[position].guid
+            val profile = data[position].profile
+            val isCustom = profile.configType == EConfigType.CUSTOM || profile.configType == EConfigType.POLICYGROUP

-            val aff = MmkvManager.decodeServerAffiliationInfo(guid)
-
-            holder.itemMainBinding.tvName.text = profile.remarks
            holder.itemView.setBackgroundColor(Color.TRANSPARENT)
+
+            //Name address
+            holder.itemMainBinding.tvName.text = profile.remarks
+            holder.itemMainBinding.tvStatistics.text = getAddress(profile)
+            holder.itemMainBinding.tvType.text = profile.configType.name
+
+            //TestResult
+            val aff = MmkvManager.decodeServerAffiliationInfo(guid)
            holder.itemMainBinding.tvTestResult.text = aff?.getTestDelayString().orEmpty()
            if ((aff?.testDelayMillis ?: 0L) < 0L) {
                holder.itemMainBinding.tvTestResult.setTextColor(ContextCompat.getColor(mActivity, R.color.colorPingRed))
            } else {
                holder.itemMainBinding.tvTestResult.setTextColor(ContextCompat.getColor(mActivity, R.color.colorPing))
            }
+
+            //layoutIndicator
            if (guid == MmkvManager.getSelectServer()) {
-                holder.itemMainBinding.layoutIndicator.setBackgroundResource(R.color.colorAccent)
+                holder.itemMainBinding.layoutIndicator.setBackgroundResource(R.color.colorIndicator)
            } else {
                holder.itemMainBinding.layoutIndicator.setBackgroundResource(0)
            }
-            holder.itemMainBinding.tvSubscription.text =
-                if (mActivity.mainViewModel.subscriptionId.isEmpty())
-                    MmkvManager.decodeSubscription(profile.subscriptionId)?.remarks.orEmpty()
-                else
-                    ""

-            var shareOptions = share_method.asList()
-            when (profile.configType) {
-                EConfigType.CUSTOM -> {
-                    holder.itemMainBinding.tvType.text = mActivity.getString(R.string.server_customize_config)
-                    shareOptions = shareOptions.takeLast(1)
+            //subscription remarks
+            val subRemarks = getSubscriptionRemarks(profile)
+            holder.itemMainBinding.tvSubscription.text = subRemarks
+            holder.itemMainBinding.layoutSubscription.visibility = if (subRemarks.isEmpty()) View.GONE else View.VISIBLE
+
+            //layout
+            if (doubleColumnDisplay) {
+                holder.itemMainBinding.layoutShare.visibility = View.GONE
+                holder.itemMainBinding.layoutEdit.visibility = View.GONE
+                holder.itemMainBinding.layoutRemove.visibility = View.GONE
+                holder.itemMainBinding.layoutMore.visibility = View.VISIBLE
+
+                //share method
+                val shareOptions = if (isCustom) share_method_more.asList().takeLast(3) else share_method_more.asList()
+
+                holder.itemMainBinding.layoutMore.setOnClickListener {
+                    shareServer(guid, profile, position, shareOptions, if (isCustom) 2 else 0)
+                }
+            } else {
+                holder.itemMainBinding.layoutShare.visibility = View.VISIBLE
+                holder.itemMainBinding.layoutEdit.visibility = View.VISIBLE
+                holder.itemMainBinding.layoutRemove.visibility = View.VISIBLE
+                holder.itemMainBinding.layoutMore.visibility = View.GONE
+
+                //share method
+                val shareOptions = if (isCustom) share_method.asList().takeLast(1) else share_method.asList()
+
+                holder.itemMainBinding.layoutShare.setOnClickListener {
+                    shareServer(guid, profile, position, shareOptions, if (isCustom) 2 else 0)
                }

-                else -> {
-                    holder.itemMainBinding.tvType.text = profile.configType.name
+                holder.itemMainBinding.layoutEdit.setOnClickListener {
+                    editServer(guid, profile)
                }
-            }
-
-            // Hide xxx:xxx:***/xxx.xxx.xxx.***
-            val strState = "${
-                profile.server?.let {
-                    if (it.contains(":"))
-                        it.split(":").take(2).joinToString(":", postfix = ":***")
-                    else
-                        it.split('.').dropLast(1).joinToString(".", postfix = ".***")
-                }
-            } : ${profile.serverPort}"
-
-            holder.itemMainBinding.tvStatistics.text = strState
-
-            holder.itemMainBinding.layoutShare.setOnClickListener {
-                AlertDialog.Builder(mActivity).setItems(shareOptions.toTypedArray()) { _, i ->
-                    try {
-                        when (i) {
-                            0 -> {
-                                if (profile.configType == EConfigType.CUSTOM) {
-                                    shareFullContent(guid)
-                                } else {
-                                    val ivBinding = ItemQrcodeBinding.inflate(LayoutInflater.from(mActivity))
-                                    ivBinding.ivQcode.setImageBitmap(AngConfigManager.share2QRCode(guid))
-                                    AlertDialog.Builder(mActivity).setView(ivBinding.root).show()
-                                }
-                            }
-
-                            1 -> {
-                                if (AngConfigManager.share2Clipboard(mActivity, guid) == 0) {
-                                    mActivity.toast(R.string.toast_success)
-                                } else {
-                                    mActivity.toast(R.string.toast_failure)
-                                }
-                            }
-
-                            2 -> shareFullContent(guid)
-                            else -> mActivity.toast("else")
-                        }
-                    } catch (e: Exception) {
-                        e.printStackTrace()
-                    }
-                }.show()
-            }
-
-            holder.itemMainBinding.layoutEdit.setOnClickListener {
-                val intent = Intent().putExtra("guid", guid)
-                    .putExtra("isRunning", isRunning)
-                    .putExtra("createConfigType", profile.configType.value)
-                if (profile.configType == EConfigType.CUSTOM) {
-                    mActivity.startActivity(intent.setClass(mActivity, ServerCustomConfigActivity::class.java))
-                } else {
-                    mActivity.startActivity(intent.setClass(mActivity, ServerActivity::class.java))
-                }
-            }
-            holder.itemMainBinding.layoutRemove.setOnClickListener {
-                if (guid != MmkvManager.getSelectServer()) {
-                    if (MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_CONFIRM_REMOVE) == true) {
-                        AlertDialog.Builder(mActivity).setMessage(R.string.del_config_comfirm)
-                            .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok) { _, _ ->
-                                removeServer(guid, position)
-                            }
-                            .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel) { _, _ ->
-                                //do noting
-                            }
-                            .show()
-                    } else {
-                        removeServer(guid, position)
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    application.toast(R.string.toast_action_not_allowed)
+                holder.itemMainBinding.layoutRemove.setOnClickListener {
+                    removeServer(guid, position)
                }
            }

            holder.itemMainBinding.infoContainer.setOnClickListener {
-                val selected = MmkvManager.getSelectServer()
-                if (guid != selected) {
-                    MmkvManager.setSelectServer(guid)
-                    if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(selected)) {
-                        notifyItemChanged(mActivity.mainViewModel.getPosition(selected.orEmpty()))
-                    }
-                    notifyItemChanged(mActivity.mainViewModel.getPosition(guid))
-                    if (isRunning) {
-                        V2RayServiceManager.stopVService(mActivity)
-                        mActivity.lifecycleScope.launch {
-                            try {
-                                delay(500)
-                                V2RayServiceManager.startVService(mActivity)
-                            } catch (e: Exception) {
-                                e.printStackTrace()
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (holder is FooterViewHolder) {
-            if (true) {
-                holder.itemFooterBinding.layoutEdit.visibility = View.INVISIBLE
-            } else {
-                holder.itemFooterBinding.layoutEdit.setOnClickListener {
-                    Utils.openUri(mActivity, "${Utils.decode(AppConfig.PromotionUrl)}?t=${System.currentTimeMillis()}")
-                }
+                setSelectServer(guid)
            }
        }
+//        if (holder is FooterViewHolder) {
+//            if (true) {
+//                holder.itemFooterBinding.layoutEdit.visibility = View.INVISIBLE
+//            } else {
+//                holder.itemFooterBinding.layoutEdit.setOnClickListener {
+//                    Utils.openUri(mActivity, "${Utils.decode(AppConfig.PromotionUrl)}?t=${System.currentTimeMillis()}")
+//                }
+//            }
+//        }
    }

-    private fun shareFullContent(guid: String) {
-        if (AngConfigManager.shareFullContent2Clipboard(mActivity, guid) == 0) {
-            mActivity.toast(R.string.toast_success)
+    /**
+     * Gets the server address information
+     * Hides part of IP or domain information for privacy protection
+     * @param profile The server configuration
+     * @return Formatted address string
+     */
+    private fun getAddress(profile: ProfileItem): String {
+        // Hide xxx:xxx:***/xxx.xxx.xxx.***
+        val server = profile.server
+        val port = profile.serverPort
+        if (server.isNullOrBlank() && port.isNullOrBlank()) return ""
+
+        val addrPart = server?.let {
+            if (it.contains(":"))
+                it.split(":").take(2).joinToString(":", postfix = ":***")
+            else
+                it.split('.').dropLast(1).joinToString(".", postfix = ".***")
+        } ?: ""
+
+        return "$addrPart : ${port ?: ""}"
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the subscription remarks information
+     * @param profile The server configuration
+     * @return Subscription remarks string, or empty string if none
+     */
+    private fun getSubscriptionRemarks(profile: ProfileItem): String {
+        val subRemarks =
+            if (mActivity.mainViewModel.subscriptionId.isEmpty())
+                MmkvManager.decodeSubscription(profile.subscriptionId)?.remarks?.firstOrNull()
+            else
+                null
+        return subRemarks?.toString() ?: ""
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Shares server configuration
+     * Displays a dialog with sharing options and executes the selected action
+     * @param guid The server unique identifier
+     * @param profile The server configuration
+     * @param position The position in the list
+     * @param shareOptions The list of share options
+     * @param skip The number of options to skip
+     */
+    private fun shareServer(guid: String, profile: ProfileItem, position: Int, shareOptions: List<String>, skip: Int) {
+        AlertDialog.Builder(mActivity).setItems(shareOptions.toTypedArray()) { _, i ->
+            try {
+                when (i + skip) {
+                    0 -> showQRCode(guid)
+                    1 -> share2Clipboard(guid)
+                    2 -> shareFullContent(guid)
+                    3 -> editServer(guid, profile)
+                    4 -> removeServer(guid, position)
+                    else -> mActivity.toast("else")
+                }
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Error when sharing server", e)
+            }
+        }.show()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Displays QR code for the server configuration
+     * @param guid The server unique identifier
+     */
+    private fun showQRCode(guid: String) {
+        val ivBinding = ItemQrcodeBinding.inflate(LayoutInflater.from(mActivity))
+        ivBinding.ivQcode.setImageBitmap(AngConfigManager.share2QRCode(guid))
+        if (share_method.isNotEmpty()) {
+            ivBinding.ivQcode.contentDescription = share_method[0]
        } else {
-            mActivity.toast(R.string.toast_failure)
+            ivBinding.ivQcode.contentDescription = "QR Code"
+        }
+        AlertDialog.Builder(mActivity).setView(ivBinding.root).show()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Shares server configuration to clipboard
+     * @param guid The server unique identifier
+     */
+    private fun share2Clipboard(guid: String) {
+        if (AngConfigManager.share2Clipboard(mActivity, guid) == 0) {
+            mActivity.toastSuccess(R.string.toast_success)
+        } else {
+            mActivity.toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
        }
    }

+    /**
+     * Shares full server configuration content to clipboard
+     * @param guid The server unique identifier
+     */
+    private fun shareFullContent(guid: String) {
+        mActivity.lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
+            val result = AngConfigManager.shareFullContent2Clipboard(mActivity, guid)
+            launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
+                if (result == 0) {
+                    mActivity.toastSuccess(R.string.toast_success)
+                } else {
+                    mActivity.toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Edits server configuration
+     * Opens appropriate editing interface based on configuration type
+     * @param guid The server unique identifier
+     * @param profile The server configuration
+     */
+    private fun editServer(guid: String, profile: ProfileItem) {
+        val intent = Intent().putExtra("guid", guid)
+            .putExtra("isRunning", isRunning)
+            .putExtra("createConfigType", profile.configType.value)
+        if (profile.configType == EConfigType.CUSTOM) {
+            mActivity.startActivity(intent.setClass(mActivity, ServerCustomConfigActivity::class.java))
+        } else if (profile.configType == EConfigType.POLICYGROUP) {
+            mActivity.startActivity(intent.setClass(mActivity, ServerGroupActivity::class.java))
+        } else {
+            mActivity.startActivity(intent.setClass(mActivity, ServerActivity::class.java))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes server configuration
+     * Handles confirmation dialog and related checks
+     * @param guid The server unique identifier
+     * @param position The position in the list
+     */
    private fun removeServer(guid: String, position: Int) {
+        if (guid == MmkvManager.getSelectServer()) {
+            application.toast(R.string.toast_action_not_allowed)
+            return
+        }
+
+        if (MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_CONFIRM_REMOVE)) {
+            AlertDialog.Builder(mActivity).setMessage(R.string.del_config_comfirm)
+                .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok) { _, _ ->
+                    removeServerSub(guid, position)
+                }
+                .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel) { _, _ ->
+                    //do noting
+                }
+                .show()
+        } else {
+            removeServerSub(guid, position)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Executes the actual server removal process
+     * @param guid The server unique identifier
+     * @param position The position in the list
+     */
+    private fun removeServerSub(guid: String, position: Int) {
        mActivity.mainViewModel.removeServer(guid)
-        notifyItemRemoved(position)
-        notifyItemRangeChanged(position, mActivity.mainViewModel.serversCache.size)
+        val idx = data.indexOfFirst { it.guid == guid }
+        if (idx >= 0) {
+            data.removeAt(idx)
+            notifyItemRemoved(idx)
+            notifyItemRangeChanged(idx, data.size - idx)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the selected server
+     * Updates UI and restarts service if needed
+     * @param guid The server unique identifier to select
+     */
+    private fun setSelectServer(guid: String) {
+        val selected = MmkvManager.getSelectServer()
+        if (guid != selected) {
+            MmkvManager.setSelectServer(guid)
+            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(selected)) {
+                notifyItemChanged(mActivity.mainViewModel.getPosition(selected.orEmpty()))
+            }
+            notifyItemChanged(mActivity.mainViewModel.getPosition(guid))
+            if (isRunning) {
+                mActivity.restartV2Ray()
+            }
+        }
    }

    override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): BaseViewHolder {
@@ -217,7 +345,7 @@ class MainRecyclerAdapter(val activity: MainActivity) : RecyclerView.Adapter<Mai
    }

    override fun getItemViewType(position: Int): Int {
-        return if (position == mActivity.mainViewModel.serversCache.size) {
+        return if (position == data.size) {
            VIEW_TYPE_FOOTER
        } else {
            VIEW_TYPE_ITEM
@@ -242,6 +370,9 @@ class MainRecyclerAdapter(val activity: MainActivity) : RecyclerView.Adapter<Mai

    override fun onItemMove(fromPosition: Int, toPosition: Int): Boolean {
        mActivity.mainViewModel.swapServer(fromPosition, toPosition)
+        if (fromPosition < data.size && toPosition < data.size) {
+            Collections.swap(data, fromPosition, toPosition)
+        }
        notifyItemMoved(fromPosition, toPosition)
        return true
    }
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 package com.v2ray.ang.ui

+import android.annotation.SuppressLint
 import android.os.Bundle
 import android.text.TextUtils
 import android.util.Log
 import android.view.Menu
 import android.view.MenuItem
+import android.widget.Toast
+import androidx.activity.viewModels
 import androidx.appcompat.widget.SearchView
 import androidx.lifecycle.lifecycleScope
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
@@ -13,66 +16,36 @@ import com.v2ray.ang.R
 import com.v2ray.ang.databinding.ActivityBypassListBinding
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.AppInfo
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toast
+import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toastSuccess
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.v2RayApplication
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager
+import com.v2ray.ang.handler.SettingsChangeManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.SettingsManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.AppManagerUtil
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.HttpUtil
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
+import com.v2ray.ang.viewmodel.PerAppProxyViewModel
+import es.dmoral.toasty.Toasty
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
 import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
 import java.text.Collator

 class PerAppProxyActivity : BaseActivity() {
-    private val binding by lazy {
-        ActivityBypassListBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
-    }
+    private val binding by lazy { ActivityBypassListBinding.inflate(layoutInflater) }

    private var adapter: PerAppProxyAdapter? = null
    private var appsAll: List<AppInfo>? = null
+    private val viewModel: PerAppProxyViewModel by viewModels()

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
-        setContentView(binding.root)
-
-        title = getString(R.string.per_app_proxy_settings)
+        //setContentView(binding.root)
+        setContentViewWithToolbar(binding.root, showHomeAsUp = true, title = getString(R.string.per_app_proxy_settings))

        addCustomDividerToRecyclerView(binding.recyclerView, this, R.drawable.custom_divider)

-        lifecycleScope.launch {
-            try {
-                binding.pbWaiting.show()
-                val blacklist = MmkvManager.decodeSettingsStringSet(AppConfig.PREF_PER_APP_PROXY_SET)
-                val apps = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
-                    val appsList = AppManagerUtil.loadNetworkAppList(this@PerAppProxyActivity)
-
-                    if (blacklist != null) {
-                        appsList.forEach { app ->
-                            app.isSelected = if (blacklist.contains(app.packageName)) 1 else 0
-                        }
-                        appsList.sortedWith(Comparator { p1, p2 ->
-                            when {
-                                p1.isSelected > p2.isSelected -> -1
-                                p1.isSelected == p2.isSelected -> 0
-                                else -> 1
-                            }
-                        })
-                    } else {
-                        val collator = Collator.getInstance()
-                        appsList.sortedWith(compareBy(collator) { it.appName })
-                    }
-                }
-
-                appsAll = apps
-                adapter = PerAppProxyAdapter(this@PerAppProxyActivity, apps, blacklist)
-                binding.recyclerView.adapter = adapter
-                binding.pbWaiting.hide()
-            } catch (e: Exception) {
-                binding.pbWaiting.hide()
-                Log.e(ANG_PACKAGE, "Error loading apps", e)
-            }
-        }
+        initList()

        binding.switchPerAppProxy.setOnCheckedChangeListener { _, isChecked ->
            MmkvManager.encodeSettings(AppConfig.PREF_PER_APP_PROXY, isChecked)
@@ -83,12 +56,53 @@ class PerAppProxyActivity : BaseActivity() {
            MmkvManager.encodeSettings(AppConfig.PREF_BYPASS_APPS, isChecked)
        }
        binding.switchBypassApps.isChecked = MmkvManager.decodeSettingsBool(AppConfig.PREF_BYPASS_APPS, false)
+
+        binding.layoutSwitchBypassAppsTips.setOnClickListener {
+            Toasty.info(this, R.string.summary_pref_per_app_proxy, Toast.LENGTH_LONG, true).show()
+        }
    }

-    override fun onPause() {
-        super.onPause()
-        adapter?.let {
-            MmkvManager.encodeSettings(AppConfig.PREF_PER_APP_PROXY_SET, it.blacklist)
+    private fun initList() {
+        showLoading()
+
+        lifecycleScope.launch {
+            try {
+                val apps = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+                    val appsList = AppManagerUtil.loadNetworkAppList(this@PerAppProxyActivity)
+
+                    val blacklistSet = viewModel.getAll()
+                    if (blacklistSet.isNotEmpty()) {
+                        appsList.forEach { app ->
+                            app.isSelected = if (blacklistSet.contains(app.packageName)) 1 else 0
+                        }
+                        appsList.sortedWith { p1, p2 ->
+                            when {
+                                p1.isSelected > p2.isSelected -> -1
+                                p1.isSelected < p2.isSelected -> 1
+                                p1.isSystemApp > p2.isSystemApp -> 1
+                                p1.isSystemApp < p2.isSystemApp -> -1
+                                p1.appName.lowercase() > p2.appName.lowercase() -> 1
+                                p1.appName.lowercase() < p2.appName.lowercase() -> -1
+                                p1.packageName > p2.packageName -> 1
+                                p1.packageName < p2.packageName -> -1
+                                else -> 0
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        val collator = Collator.getInstance()
+                        appsList.sortedWith(compareBy(collator) { it.appName })
+                    }
+                }
+
+                appsAll = apps
+                adapter = PerAppProxyAdapter(this@PerAppProxyActivity, apps, viewModel)
+                binding.recyclerView.adapter = adapter
+
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                Log.e(ANG_PACKAGE, "Error loading apps", e)
+            } finally {
+                hideLoading()
+            }
        }
    }

@@ -108,35 +122,32 @@ class PerAppProxyActivity : BaseActivity() {
            })
        }

-
        return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu)
    }

+
+    @SuppressLint("NotifyDataSetChanged")
    override fun onOptionsItemSelected(item: MenuItem) = when (item.itemId) {
-        R.id.select_all -> adapter?.let {
-            val pkgNames = it.apps.map { it.packageName }
-            if (it.blacklist.containsAll(pkgNames)) {
-                it.apps.forEach {
-                    val packageName = it.packageName
-                    adapter?.blacklist?.remove(packageName)
-                }
-            } else {
-                it.apps.forEach {
-                    val packageName = it.packageName
-                    adapter?.blacklist?.add(packageName)
-                }
-            }
-            it.notifyDataSetChanged()
+        R.id.select_all -> {
+            selectAllApp()
+            allowPerAppProxy()
            true
-        } == true
+        }
+        R.id.invert_selection -> {
+            invertSelection()
+            allowPerAppProxy()
+            true
+        }

        R.id.select_proxy_app -> {
-            selectProxyApp()
+            selectProxyAppAuto()
+            allowPerAppProxy()
            true
        }

        R.id.import_proxy_app -> {
            importProxyApp()
+            allowPerAppProxy()
            true
        }

@@ -148,11 +159,34 @@ class PerAppProxyActivity : BaseActivity() {
        else -> super.onOptionsItemSelected(item)
    }

-    private fun selectProxyApp() {
-        toast(R.string.msg_downloading_content)
-        binding.pbWaiting.show()
+    private fun selectAllApp() {
+        adapter?.let { adapter ->
+            val pkgNames = adapter.apps.map { it.packageName }
+            val allSelected = pkgNames.all { viewModel.contains(it) }

-        val url = AppConfig.androidpackagenamelistUrl
+            if (allSelected) {
+                viewModel.removeAll(pkgNames)
+            } else {
+                viewModel.addAll(pkgNames)
+            }
+            refreshData()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun invertSelection() {
+        adapter?.let { adapter ->
+            adapter.apps.forEach { app ->
+                viewModel.toggle(app.packageName)
+            }
+            refreshData()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun selectProxyAppAuto() {
+        toast(R.string.msg_downloading_content)
+        showLoading()
+
+        val url = AppConfig.ANDROID_PACKAGE_NAME_LIST_URL
        lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
            var content = HttpUtil.getUrlContent(url, 5000)
            if (content.isNullOrEmpty()) {
@@ -160,10 +194,10 @@ class PerAppProxyActivity : BaseActivity() {
                content = HttpUtil.getUrlContent(url, 5000, httpPort) ?: ""
            }
            launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
-                Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, content)
+                //Log.i(AppConfig.TAG, content)
                selectProxyApp(content, true)
-                toast(R.string.toast_success)
-                binding.pbWaiting.hide()
+                toastSuccess(R.string.toast_success)
+                hideLoading()
            }
        }
    }
@@ -172,65 +206,66 @@ class PerAppProxyActivity : BaseActivity() {
        val content = Utils.getClipboard(applicationContext)
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(content)) return
        selectProxyApp(content, false)
-        toast(R.string.toast_success)
+        toastSuccess(R.string.toast_success)
    }

    private fun exportProxyApp() {
        var lst = binding.switchBypassApps.isChecked.toString()

-        adapter?.blacklist?.forEach block@{
-            lst = lst + System.getProperty("line.separator") + it
+        viewModel.getAll().forEach { pkg ->
+            lst = lst + System.lineSeparator() + pkg
        }
        Utils.setClipboard(applicationContext, lst)
-        toast(R.string.toast_success)
+        toastSuccess(R.string.toast_success)
    }

+    private fun allowPerAppProxy() {
+        binding.switchPerAppProxy.isChecked = true
+        SettingsChangeManager.makeRestartService()
+    }
+
+    @SuppressLint("NotifyDataSetChanged")
    private fun selectProxyApp(content: String, force: Boolean): Boolean {
        try {
            val proxyApps = if (TextUtils.isEmpty(content)) {
-                Utils.readTextFromAssets(v2RayApplication, "proxy_packagename.txt")
+                Utils.readTextFromAssets(v2RayApplication, "proxy_package_name")
            } else {
                content
            }
            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(proxyApps)) return false

-            adapter?.blacklist?.clear()
+            viewModel.clear()

            if (binding.switchBypassApps.isChecked) {
-                adapter?.let {
-                    it.apps.forEach block@{
-                        val packageName = it.packageName
-                        Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, packageName)
+                adapter?.let { adapter ->
+                    adapter.apps.forEach { app ->
+                        val packageName = app.packageName
                        if (!inProxyApps(proxyApps, packageName, force)) {
-                            adapter?.blacklist?.add(packageName)
-                            println(packageName)
-                            return@block
+                            viewModel.add(packageName)
                        }
                    }
-                    it.notifyDataSetChanged()
+                    refreshData()
                }
            } else {
-                adapter?.let {
-                    it.apps.forEach block@{
-                        val packageName = it.packageName
-                        Log.d(ANG_PACKAGE, packageName)
+                adapter?.let { adapter ->
+                    adapter.apps.forEach { app ->
+                        val packageName = app.packageName
                        if (inProxyApps(proxyApps, packageName, force)) {
-                            adapter?.blacklist?.add(packageName)
-                            println(packageName)
-                            return@block
+                            viewModel.add(packageName)
                        }
                    }
-                    it.notifyDataSetChanged()
+                    refreshData()
                }
            }
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            e.printStackTrace()
+            Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Error selecting proxy app", e)
            return false
        }
        return true
    }

    private fun inProxyApps(proxyApps: String, packageName: String, force: Boolean): Boolean {
+        println(packageName)
        if (force) {
            if (packageName == "com.google.android.webview") return false
            if (packageName.startsWith("com.google")) return true
@@ -257,9 +292,14 @@ class PerAppProxyActivity : BaseActivity() {
            }
        }

-        adapter = PerAppProxyAdapter(this, apps, adapter?.blacklist)
+        adapter = PerAppProxyAdapter(this, apps, adapter?.viewModel ?: viewModel)
        binding.recyclerView.adapter = adapter
-        adapter?.notifyDataSetChanged()
+        refreshData()
        return true
    }
+
+    @SuppressLint("NotifyDataSetChanged")
+    fun refreshData() {
+        adapter?.notifyDataSetChanged()
+    }
 }
@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@ import android.view.ViewGroup
 import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
 import com.v2ray.ang.databinding.ItemRecyclerBypassListBinding
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.AppInfo
+import com.v2ray.ang.viewmodel.PerAppProxyViewModel

-class PerAppProxyAdapter(val activity: BaseActivity, val apps: List<AppInfo>, blacklist: MutableSet<String>?) :
+class PerAppProxyAdapter(val activity: BaseActivity, val apps: List<AppInfo>, val viewModel: PerAppProxyViewModel) :
    RecyclerView.Adapter<PerAppProxyAdapter.BaseViewHolder>() {

    companion object {
@@ -15,8 +16,6 @@ class PerAppProxyAdapter(val activity: BaseActivity, val apps: List<AppInfo>, bl
        private const val VIEW_TYPE_ITEM = 1
    }

-    val blacklist = if (blacklist == null) HashSet() else HashSet(blacklist)
-
    override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: BaseViewHolder, position: Int) {
        if (holder is AppViewHolder) {
            val appInfo = apps[position - 1]
@@ -38,11 +37,7 @@ class PerAppProxyAdapter(val activity: BaseActivity, val apps: List<AppInfo>, bl
                )
                BaseViewHolder(view)
            }
-//            VIEW_TYPE_ITEM -> AppViewHolder(ctx.layoutInflater
-//                    .inflate(R.layout.item_recycler_bypass_list, parent, false))
-
            else -> AppViewHolder(ItemRecyclerBypassListBinding.inflate(LayoutInflater.from(ctx), parent, false))
-
        }
    }

@@ -52,13 +47,11 @@ class PerAppProxyAdapter(val activity: BaseActivity, val apps: List<AppInfo>, bl

    inner class AppViewHolder(private val itemBypassBinding: ItemRecyclerBypassListBinding) : BaseViewHolder(itemBypassBinding.root),
        View.OnClickListener {
-        private val inBlacklist: Boolean get() = blacklist.contains(appInfo.packageName)
        private lateinit var appInfo: AppInfo

        fun bind(appInfo: AppInfo) {
            this.appInfo = appInfo

-            // Set app icon and name
            itemBypassBinding.icon.setImageDrawable(appInfo.appIcon)
            itemBypassBinding.name.text = if (appInfo.isSystemApp) {
                String.format("** %s", appInfo.appName)
@@ -66,23 +59,16 @@ class PerAppProxyAdapter(val activity: BaseActivity, val apps: List<AppInfo>, bl
                appInfo.appName
            }

-            // Set package name and checkbox state
            itemBypassBinding.packageName.text = appInfo.packageName
-            itemBypassBinding.checkBox.isChecked = inBlacklist
+            itemBypassBinding.checkBox.isChecked = viewModel.contains(appInfo.packageName)

-            // Handle item click to toggle blacklist status
            itemView.setOnClickListener(this)
        }

-
        override fun onClick(v: View?) {
-            if (inBlacklist) {
-                blacklist.remove(appInfo.packageName)
-                itemBypassBinding.checkBox.isChecked = false
-            } else {
-                blacklist.add(appInfo.packageName)
-                itemBypassBinding.checkBox.isChecked = true
-            }
+            val packageName = appInfo.packageName
+            viewModel.toggle(packageName)
+            itemBypassBinding.checkBox.isChecked = viewModel.contains(packageName)
        }
    }
 }
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import com.v2ray.ang.R
 import com.v2ray.ang.databinding.ActivityRoutingEditBinding
 import com.v2ray.ang.dto.RulesetItem
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toast
+import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toastSuccess
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.SettingsManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
@@ -24,8 +25,8 @@ class RoutingEditActivity : BaseActivity() {

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
-        setContentView(binding.root)
-        title = getString(R.string.routing_settings_rule_title)
+        //setContentView(binding.root)
+        setContentViewWithToolbar(binding.root, showHomeAsUp = true, title = getString(R.string.routing_settings_rule_title))

        val rulesetItem = SettingsManager.getRoutingRuleset(position)
        if (rulesetItem != null) {
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ class RoutingEditActivity : BaseActivity() {
        }

        SettingsManager.saveRoutingRuleset(position, rulesetItem)
-        toast(R.string.toast_success)
+        toastSuccess(R.string.toast_success)
        finish()
        return true
    }
@@ -105,10 +106,10 @@ class RoutingEditActivity : BaseActivity() {

    override fun onCreateOptionsMenu(menu: Menu): Boolean {
        menuInflater.inflate(R.menu.action_server, menu)
-        val del_config = menu.findItem(R.id.del_config)
+        val delConfig = menu.findItem(R.id.del_config)

        if (position < 0) {
-            del_config?.isVisible = false
+            delConfig?.isVisible = false
        }

        return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu)
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 package com.v2ray.ang.ui

 import android.Manifest
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint
 import android.content.Intent
 import android.os.Bundle
+import android.util.Log
 import android.view.Menu
 import android.view.MenuItem
-import android.view.View
-import android.widget.AdapterView
 import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts
+import androidx.activity.viewModels
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog
 import androidx.lifecycle.lifecycleScope
 import androidx.recyclerview.widget.ItemTouchHelper
@@ -15,13 +16,15 @@ import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.AppConfig
 import com.v2ray.ang.R
 import com.v2ray.ang.databinding.ActivityRoutingSettingBinding
-import com.v2ray.ang.dto.RulesetItem
 import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toast
+import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toastError
+import com.v2ray.ang.extension.toastSuccess
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.MmkvManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.handler.SettingsManager
 import com.v2ray.ang.helper.SimpleItemTouchHelperCallback
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.JsonUtil
 import com.v2ray.ang.util.Utils
+import com.v2ray.ang.viewmodel.RoutingSettingsViewModel
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
 import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
@@ -29,8 +32,8 @@ import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
 class RoutingSettingActivity : BaseActivity() {
    private val binding by lazy { ActivityRoutingSettingBinding.inflate(layoutInflater) }

-    var rulesets: MutableList<RulesetItem> = mutableListOf()
-    private val adapter by lazy { RoutingSettingRecyclerAdapter(this) }
+    private val viewModel: RoutingSettingsViewModel by viewModels()
+    private lateinit var adapter: RoutingSettingRecyclerAdapter
    private var mItemTouchHelper: ItemTouchHelper? = null
    private val routing_domain_strategy: Array<out String> by lazy {
        resources.getStringArray(R.array.routing_domain_strategy)
@@ -51,9 +54,10 @@ class RoutingSettingActivity : BaseActivity() {

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
-        setContentView(binding.root)
+        //setContentView(binding.root)
+        setContentViewWithToolbar(binding.root, showHomeAsUp = true, title = getString(R.string.routing_settings_title))

-        title = getString(R.string.routing_settings_title)
+        adapter = RoutingSettingRecyclerAdapter(this, viewModel)

        binding.recyclerView.setHasFixedSize(true)
        binding.recyclerView.layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager(this)
@@ -63,15 +67,9 @@ class RoutingSettingActivity : BaseActivity() {
        mItemTouchHelper = ItemTouchHelper(SimpleItemTouchHelperCallback(adapter))
        mItemTouchHelper?.attachToRecyclerView(binding.recyclerView)

-        val found = Utils.arrayFind(routing_domain_strategy, MmkvManager.decodeSettingsString(AppConfig.PREF_ROUTING_DOMAIN_STRATEGY) ?: "")
-        found.let { binding.spDomainStrategy.setSelection(if (it >= 0) it else 0) }
-        binding.spDomainStrategy.onItemSelectedListener = object : AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener {
-            override fun onNothingSelected(parent: AdapterView<*>?) {
-            }
-
-            override fun onItemSelected(parent: AdapterView<*>?, view: View?, position: Int, id: Long) {
-                MmkvManager.encodeSettings(AppConfig.PREF_ROUTING_DOMAIN_STRATEGY, routing_domain_strategy[position])
-            }
+        binding.tvDomainStrategySummary.text = getDomainStrategy()
+        binding.layoutDomainStrategy.setOnClickListener {
+            setDomainStrategy()
        }
    }

@@ -87,7 +85,6 @@ class RoutingSettingActivity : BaseActivity() {

    override fun onOptionsItemSelected(item: MenuItem): Boolean = when (item.itemId) {
        R.id.add_rule -> startActivity(Intent(this, RoutingEditActivity::class.java)).let { true }
-        R.id.user_asset_setting -> startActivity(Intent(this, UserAssetActivity::class.java)).let { true }
        R.id.import_predefined_rulesets -> importPredefined().let { true }
        R.id.import_rulesets_from_clipboard -> importFromClipboard().let { true }
        R.id.import_rulesets_from_qrcode -> requestCameraPermissionLauncher.launch(Manifest.permission.CAMERA).let { true }
@@ -95,6 +92,22 @@ class RoutingSettingActivity : BaseActivity() {
        else -> super.onOptionsItemSelected(item)
    }

+    private fun getDomainStrategy(): String {
+        return MmkvManager.decodeSettingsString(AppConfig.PREF_ROUTING_DOMAIN_STRATEGY) ?: routing_domain_strategy.first()
+    }
+
+    private fun setDomainStrategy() {
+        android.app.AlertDialog.Builder(this).setItems(routing_domain_strategy.asList().toTypedArray()) { _, i ->
+            try {
+                val value = routing_domain_strategy[i]
+                MmkvManager.encodeSettings(AppConfig.PREF_ROUTING_DOMAIN_STRATEGY, value)
+                binding.tvDomainStrategySummary.text = value
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to set domain strategy", e)
+            }
+        }.show()
+    }
+
    private fun importPredefined() {
        AlertDialog.Builder(this).setItems(preset_rulesets.asList().toTypedArray()) { _, i ->
            AlertDialog.Builder(this).setMessage(R.string.routing_settings_import_rulesets_tip)
@@ -104,11 +117,11 @@ class RoutingSettingActivity : BaseActivity() {
                            SettingsManager.resetRoutingRulesetsFromPresets(this@RoutingSettingActivity, i)
                            launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
                                refreshData()
-                                toast(R.string.toast_success)
+                                toastSuccess(R.string.toast_success)
                            }
                        }
                    } catch (e: Exception) {
-                        e.printStackTrace()
+                        Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to import predefined ruleset", e)
                    }
                }
                .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel) { _, _ ->
@@ -124,8 +137,8 @@ class RoutingSettingActivity : BaseActivity() {
                val clipboard = try {
                    Utils.getClipboard(this)
                } catch (e: Exception) {
-                    e.printStackTrace()
-                    toast(R.string.toast_failure)
+                    Log.e(AppConfig.TAG, "Failed to get clipboard content", e)
+                    toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
                    return@setPositiveButton
                }
                lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
@@ -133,9 +146,9 @@ class RoutingSettingActivity : BaseActivity() {
                    withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
                        if (result) {
                            refreshData()
-                            toast(R.string.toast_success)
+                            toastSuccess(R.string.toast_success)
                        } else {
-                            toast(R.string.toast_failure)
+                            toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
                        }
                    }
                }
@@ -149,10 +162,10 @@ class RoutingSettingActivity : BaseActivity() {
    private fun export2Clipboard() {
        val rulesetList = MmkvManager.decodeRoutingRulesets()
        if (rulesetList.isNullOrEmpty()) {
-            toast(R.string.toast_failure)
+            toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
        } else {
            Utils.setClipboard(this, JsonUtil.toJson(rulesetList))
-            toast(R.string.toast_success)
+            toastSuccess(R.string.toast_success)
        }
    }

@@ -170,9 +183,9 @@ class RoutingSettingActivity : BaseActivity() {
                    withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
                        if (result) {
                            refreshData()
-                            toast(R.string.toast_success)
+                            toastSuccess(R.string.toast_success)
                        } else {
-                            toast(R.string.toast_failure)
+                            toastError(R.string.toast_failure)
                        }
                    }
                }
@@ -184,9 +197,9 @@ class RoutingSettingActivity : BaseActivity() {
        return true
    }

+    @SuppressLint("NotifyDataSetChanged")
    fun refreshData() {
-        rulesets.clear()
-        rulesets.addAll(MmkvManager.decodeRoutingRulesets() ?: mutableListOf())
+        viewModel.reload()
        adapter.notifyDataSetChanged()
    }
 }
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More